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| Hunting and Gathering | Preindustrial state in which members use a combination of hunting and gathering to acquire food. |
| Neolithic Age | Time period when people used polished stone artifacts and were farmers. (8000-5000 b.c.) |
| Culture | Combinations of the ideas, objects, and patterns of behavior that result form human social interaction. |
| Band | Social organization used by hunter-gatherer societies with associations of families not exceeding 25 to 60 people. |
| Matrilocal | A culture in which young men upon marriage go to live with the brides' families. |
| Catal Huyuk | Catal Huyuk was a Neolithic village located in Southern Turkey. Archeologists have excavated it and have been able to gather information on typical Neolithic villages. |
| Bronze Age | Subdivision of pre-history technological advancement in which bronze metalwork was devoloped in the middle east. |
| Slash and Burn Agriculture | System of agriculture that allows farmers to grow grain and places it does not naturally grow. It involves cutting down forestation of an area which is burned for the purposes of using the ashes as fertilizer for the de-forested area. |
| Hammurabi | Ruled from 1792-1750 B.C. The most important ruler of the Babylonian empire responsible for creating a code of laws for the people. |
| Indo-Europeans | They were hunting and herding people from India, who introduced the use of iron which soon would establish the basis for a new form of government and wealthy economies. |
| Civilization | Formal states, writing, cities, and monuments characterize civilizations. They also develop elaborate trading patterns and extensive political territories. |
| Nomads | People with no permanent home who roam from place to place searching for pasture lands. |
| Homo Sapiens | The human species that emerged as most successful at the end of the paleolithic period. |
| Agrarian Revolution | Sparked by the development of agriculture in the Neolithic Age. |
| Matrilineal | Descent traced exclusively through the femal line. |
| Neolithic Revolution | The term for the invention of agriculture. It began in 10000 B.C., and gradually spread through India, Africa, and Europe. |
| Domestication | The taming of wild animals by humans, and the use of animals for farming and food sources. |
| Babylonians | One of the Amorite kingdoms in Mesopotamia, which developed an empire centralized at the city-state of Babylon. They're collaspe was due to foriegn invasion. |
| Harappa | Archeological site of an Indus-Valley city inhabited since 8000 B.C. |
| Mesopotamia | A region of the ancient Middle East located between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers. |
| Paleolithic | The period where human beings learned only simple tool use, mainly by shaping rocks and sticks for hunting and warfare. The greatest acheivement of the Paleolithic people was their spread across much of the world. |
| Savages | Non-civilized, barbaric people |
| Neanderthals | An extinct human species living in the Paleolithic times in parts of Europe, Africa, and Asia |
| Natufian Complex | A preagricultural culture, located in present day Israel, Jordan, and Lebanon, that collected barley and wheat for food. |
| Pastoralism | A nomadic and agricultural lifesytle involving domesticating and herding animals. |
| Jericho | The longest continually inhabited place in the world. It is located in Israel, and the early inhabitants used sedentary agriculture for planting. |
| Social Differentiation | (blank) |
| Ideographs | (blank) |
| Shang Dynasty | (blank) |
