| Flap 1 |
Flap 2 |
| Agricultural labor force | (blank) |
| Calorie consumption | (blank) |
| Core-periphery model | /A model of the spatial structure of an economic system in which underdeveloped or declining peripheral areas are defined with respect to their dependence on a dominating core region. |
| Cultural convergence | The tendency for cultures to become more alike as they increasingly use technology and organizational structures in the modern world united by improved transportation and communication. |
| Dependency theory | (blank) |
| Development | /The process of growth, expansion, or realization of potential, bringing regional resources into full productive use. |
| Energy consumption | (blank) |
| Foreign direct investment | (blank) |
| Gender | /In the cultural sense, a reference to socially created -- not biologically based -- distinctions between femininity and masculinity. |
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | /The total value of goods and services produced within the borders of a country during a specified time period, usually a calendar year. |
| Gross National Product (GNP) | The total value of goods and services (with some adjustments) including income received from abroad, produced by the residents of a country during a specified period (usually a year). |
| Human Development | (blank) |
| Levels of Development | (blank) |
| Measures of Development | (blank) |
| Neocolonialism | /A disparaging reference to economic and political policies by which major developed countries are seen to retain or extend influence over the economies of less developed countries and peoples. |
| Physical Quality of Life Index | (blank) |
| Purchasing Power Parity | /A monetary measurement which takes account of what money actually buys in each country. |
| Rostow, W. W. | (blank) |
| "Stages of Growth" model | (blank) |
| Technology gap | The contrast between the technology available in developed core regions and that present in peripheral areas of underdevelopment. |
| Technology transfer | The diffusion to or acquisition by one culture or retention of the technology possessed by another, usually more developed, society. |
| Third World | Originally (1950's), designating countries uncommitted to either the "First World" Western capitalist bloc or the Eastern "Second World" communist bloc; subsequently, a term applied to countries considered not fully developed or in a state of underdevelop |
| World Systems Theory | (blank) |
| Acid Rain | The result of the burning of fossil fuels, acid rain results when sulfur and nitrogen oxides are flushed from the atmosphere by precipitation, with lethal effects for many plants and animals./Precipitation that is unusually acidic; created when oxides of |
| Agglomeration | A snowballing geographical process by which secondary through quinary industrial activities become clustered in cities and compact industrial regions in order to share infrastructure and markets./ |
| Agglomeration economies | The savings to an individual enterprise derived from locational association with a cluster of other similar economic activities, such as other factories or retail stores. |
| Air pollution | (blank) |
| Aluminum industry | (blank) |
| Assembly line production/ Fordism | (blank) |
| Bid rent theory | (blank) |
| Break-of-bulk point | (blank) |
| Canadian industrial heartland | (blank) |
| Carrier efficiency | (blank) |
| Comparative advantage | The principle that an area produces the items for which it has the greatest ratio of advantage or the least ratio of disadvantage in comparison to other areas, assuming free trade exists. |
| Cumulative causation | A process through which tendencies for economic growth are self-reinforcing; an expression of the multiplier effect, it tends to favor major cities and core regions over less-advantaged peripheral regions. |
| Deglomeration | (blank) |
| Deindustrialization | Decline of primary and secondary industry, accompanied by a rise of the service sectors of the industrial economy./The cumulative and sustained decline in the contribution of manufacturing to a national economy. |
| Economic sectors | (blank) |
| Economies of scale | (blank) |
| Ecotourism | A form of tourism pursued by many ecologically concerned perople, who visit regions having pristine ecosystems and, in the process, to inflict no environmental damage |
| Energy resources | (blank) |
| Entrepot | (blank) |
| Export processing zone | (blank) |
| Fixed costs | /An activity cost (as of investment in land, plant, and equipment) that must be met without regard to level of output; an input cost that is spatially constant. |
| Footloose industry | /A descriptive term applied to manufacturing activities for which the cost of transporting material or product is not important in determining location of production; and industry or firm showing neither market nor material orientation. |
| Four Tigers | (blank) |
| Greenhouse Effect | The results from the increased addition of carbon dioxide and certain trace gases to the atmosphere through industrial activity and deforestation causing more of the sun's heat to be retained, thus warming the climate of the Earth./ |
| Growth poles | (blank) |
| Heartland/ rimland | A 1904 proposal by Sir Halford John Mackinder that the key to world conquest lay in control of the interior of Eurasia./The belief of Halford Mackinder (1861-1947) that the interior of Eurasia provided a likely base for world conquest. |
| Industrial Location Theory | (blank) |
| Industrial regions | (blank) |
| Industrial Revolution | A series of inventions and innovations, arising in England in the 1700s, which led to the use of machines and inanimate power in the manufacturing process./ |
| Industry | (blank) |
| Infrastructure | /The basic structure of services, installations, and facilities needed to support industrial, agricultural, and other economic development; included are transport and communications, along with water, power, and other public utilities. |
| International division of Labor | (blank) |
| Labor-intensive | An industry for which labor costs represent a large proportion of total production costs. |
| Least-cost location | (blank) |
| Major Manufactoring Regions | (blank) |
| Manufactoring exports | (blank) |
| Manufactoring/ warehouse location | (blank) |
| Maquiladora | (blank) |
| Market orientation | /The tendency of an economic activity to locate close to its market; a reflection of large and variable distribution costs. |
| Multiplier effect | The direct, indirect, and induced consequences of change in an activity. In industrial agglomerations, the cumulative processes by which a given change (such as a new plant opening) sets in motion a sequence of further industrial employment and infrastru |
| NAFTA | (blank) |
| Outsourcing | Producing abroad parts or products for domestic use or sale. Subcontracting production or services rather than performing those activities "in house." |
| Ozone depletion | (blank) |
| Plant location | (blank) |
| Postindustrial | /A stage of economic development in which service activities become relatively more important than goods production; professional and technical employment supersedes employment in agriculture and manufacturing; and level of living is defined by the qualit |
| Refrigeration | (blank) |
| Resource crisis | (blank) |
| Resource orientation | (blank) |
| Special Economic Zones (China) | (blank) |
| Specialized economic zones | (blank) |
| Substitution principle | In industry, the tendency to substitute one factor of production for another in order to achieve optimum plant location. |
| Threshold/ range | The population required to make provision of services economically feasible./In economic geography and central place theory, the minimum market needed to support the supply of a product or service. |
| Time-space compression | (blank) |
| Topoocide | The deliberate killing of a place through industrial expansion and change, so that its earlier landscape and character are destroyed. |
| Trade | (blank) |
| Transnational corporation | (blank) |
| Ubiquitous | (blank) |
| Variable costs | A cost of enterprise operation that varies either by output level or by location of the activity. |
| Weber, Alfred | (blank) |
| Weight-gaining | A product in which weight is added to the raw materials in the manufacturing process. |
| Weight-losing | (blank) |
| World cities | One of a small number of interconnected, internationally dominant ceners (e.g. New York, London, Tokyo) that together control the global. |
