| Pathogen | Grouping | Diseases | Treatment |
| Adenoviruses | adenovirus | Common cold, pharyngitis, pneumonia | Symptomatic |
| Aspergillus fumigatus | fungus | Aspergillosis | Amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole |
| Bordetella pertussis | gram-negetive parvobacteria | Pertussis (whooping cough) | Erythromycin |
| Borrelia vincenti | spirochaete | Pharyngitis | Doxycycline, erythromycin, penicillin |
| Chlamydia pneumoniae | gram-negetive intracellular parasite | Pneumonia | Tetracycline, erythromycin |
| Chlamydia psittaci | gram-negetive intracellular parasite | Pneumonia | Tetracycline, erythromycin |
| CMV (cytomegalovirus) | herpesvirus | Pneumonia in immunodeficient | Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir |
| Coronaviruses | coronavirus | Common cold, pneumonia, SARS | Symptomatic |
| Corynebacteria diphtheria | gram-positive non-sporing | Diphtheria, pharyngitis | Antitoxin + penicillin (or erythromycin) |
| Coxiella burnetti | gram-negetive coccobacillus | Pneumonia, pneumonitis | Tetracycline (vaccine in development) |
| Coxsackie A | enterovirus | Common cold, pharyngitis | Symptomatic |
| Epstein-Barr virus | herpesvirus | Glandular fever | No effective treatment |
| Haemophilus influenzae | gram-negative parvobacteria | Pharyngitis, epiglottitis | Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone (vaccine for type b) |
| Herpes simplex | herpesvirus | Oropharyngial disease | Aciclovir, valaciclovir, famciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir |
| Legionella pneumophila | gram-negative parvobacteria | Pneumonia, Pontiac fever | Erythromycin with rifampicin |
| Measles | paramyxovirus | Measles (Cx: pneumonia, encephalitis) | Symptomatic |
| Mumps | paramyxovirus | Parotitis (Cx: meningitis, encephalitis) | Symptomatic |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | gram-positive rod | Tuberculosis | Ethambutol, isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | gram-positive rod | Pneumonia | Erythromycin, tetracycline |
| Neisseria gonorrhoea | gram-negative cocci | Pharyngitis | Penicillins |
| Parainfluenza | paramyxovirus | Croup, bronchiolitis (Cx: pneumonia) | Symptomatic |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | gram-negative rod | Pneumonia (opportunistic) | Aminoglycosides, carbapenems, cephalosporins |
| Rhinoviruses | rhinovirus | Common cold (Cx: severe in infants, otitis media) | Symptomatic |
| RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) | paramyxovirus | Bronchiolitis (Cx: pneumonia) | Symptomatic. Ribavarin for infants at risk |
| Staphylococcus aureus | gram-positive clusters | Pneumonia (including MRSA) | Flucloxacillin (vanocomycin or teicoplanin in MRSA) |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | gram-positive chains/pairs | Pneumonia | Benzylpenicillin, erythromycin, cephalosporins |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | gram-positive chains/pairs | Pharyngitis, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever | Penicillin (erythromycin if allergic) |
