| Science questions | Science answers |
| neutron | a subatomic particle with no electrical charge found within the cucleus of an atom |
| carbonate | any mineral containing the CO 3 2- ion |
| corundum | two forms of this mineral are ruby and sapphire |
| covalent bond | type of chemical bond within a molecule that involves the sharing of electroms from one atom to another |
| quark theory | timy particls are thought to compose protons, neutrons, and certain other subatomic particles |
| thermocline | the boundary in the ocean where cold deep ocean water meets the suarmed water nearer the surface |
| exothermic reaction | a chemical reaction in which hear energy is released |
| second law of thermodynamics | states that heat and other natual processes in a system always tend toward less usable energy and greater disorder |
| sedimentary rock | type of rock formd when depsists of sand and mineral fagments are cemented together |
| precision | the repeatability or consistency of a series of measurements |
| strtus clouds | heavy clouds that form a flat, gray layer not far above the ground |
| stratosphere | the layer of the earth's atmospere having strong steady inds but few changes of weather |
| amino acids | the building blocks of proteins |
| cleavage | the tendency of a minera to break readily along certain flat surfaces, producing fragments with the same shape as a parent mineral |
| climate | th year round atmospheric conditions typical of a certain place |
| dipolar force | intermolecular force that affects all polar moleules |
| electron | a negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the ucleus of an atom; most atoms seek to have 8 electrons in ther outer shell |
| entropy | the amount of decay or disorder in a system |
| hurricane | a storm with winds that exceed 4 mph |
| kilo | 1,000 |
| oceanography | the study of the seas |
| metamorphic rock | type of rock fomed when preexisting rocks are altered by heat or pressure |
| plate tectonics theory | states that the eath's crust and upper mantle consist of huge plates that slowly drift as a result of convection currents in the mantle |
| atmosphericpresure | 14.7 psi at sea level |
| carbon | two forms of this element are graphite and diamond |
| gene | a segment of DNA containing the codes for a specific substance, task or characteristic |
| ozone | harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun is blocked by O2 nd O3 in the oxide layer of the upper stratosphere |
| nuceus of an atom | contains protons and neutrons |
| nuclear fission | the splitting of an atomic nucleus |
| marble | example of metamorphic rock |
| cumulus clouds | white billowy cloud that resembles a pile of cotton puffs in the sky |
| atomic mass | the average mass (protons and newutrons) of the various isotopes of an element compared to the mass of a carbon-12 atom |
| mineralogy | study of inorganic crystalline substances found naturally in the earth |
| scientific law | a verified theory that has stood the test of time |
| 280,000 is equivalent to what number in scientific notation? | 2.8x10 5 |
| thermosphere | a layer of the earth's atmosphere characterized by high temperatures but is practically a vacuum |
| tsunamis | gigantic sea waves formed by earthquakes, volcanic explosis, or undersea landslides |
| London force | a weak intermolecular force that exists between all molecules, causes by temporary imbalance in electrons distribution |
| 7 ph | a neutral substance |
| crust | the earth's outer layer of rock |
| specific gravity | the ratio of an object's density to the density of water |
| shale | the most common sedimentary rock |
| centi | 1/100 |
| seismograph | an insrument used to record the vibrations causes by earthquakes |
| cirrus clouds | a high, thin, delicate cloud, consisting of ice crystals |
| convection | heat transferred by warm currents within a fluid |
| conglomerate rock | a sedimentary rock that consists of smooth pebbles embedded in hardened sand or clay |
| stratum | a single layer of sedimentary rock |
| electrolysis | the process of passing an electric current through a sloutio in order to cause a chemical reaction |
| proton | a positively charged subatomic particle found within the nucleus of an atom |
| igneous rock | type of rock formed when magma or molten rock solidies |
| accuracy | the exactness of a measurement |
| beryl | two morms of this mineral are emerald and aquamarine |
| geology | the study of the earth |
| nimbo | means rain |
| exosphere | the outermost layer of the earth's atmosphere |
| mixture | substances composed of elements or compounds that are physically mixed but not chemically united |
| less that 7 ph | an acid |
| ore | any mneral that contains a valuable metallic element |
| endothermic reaction | a chemical reaction in which the products grow colder than the reactants |
| sodim chloride (table salt) | the most common substance dissolved in the sea |
| SI or metric system | the system of measurement used by scentist around the world |
| front | a boundary between two air masses |
| pumice | metamorphic porous, lightweight rock |
| ionic bond | type of chemical bond within a moleculer that involves the transfer of electrons from on atom to anothyer |
| native element | a element that occurs naturally in its pure form, uncombined with other elements |
| Gulf Stream | a well-known ocean current that flows up the coast of north america and then sweeps across the Atlantic toward Europe |
| scientific method | observing, hypothesizing, experimenting |
| weather | the state of the earth's atmosphere at a givin time and plcae |
| elastic rebound theory | states that rocks spring back to a position of little or not strain at the moment of an earthquake, causing vibrations in the earth's crust |
| organic chemistry | the study of compound containing the element carbon |
| sediment | deposits of sand and mineral fragments, usually laid down by water |
| hydrogen bond | the strongest of all intermolecular forces |
| luster | the way light is reflected from the surfa of a mineral crystal |
| mesosphere | third layer of the earth's atmosphere |
| meteorology | study of the earth's atmosphere and weather |
| challenger deep | the deepest known point in the sea, located in the marianas trench near gum |
| quantum theory | states that tiny particles such as electrons do not absorb or release energy smoothly |
| San Andreas fault | a large, well-known strike-slip fault in western California |
| obsidian | igneous rock with a smooth, glasslike texture |
| compound | substances composed of different types of atoms linked together |
| milli | 1/1,000 |
| .0031 is equivalent to what number in scientific notation | 3.1x10-3 |
| nitrogen | the most abundant gas in the atmosphere |
| tornado | a narrow funnel of powerful, rapidly whirling winds, usually created b a severe thunderstorm |
| troposphere | the "weather layer" of the atmosphere |
| conduction | the transfer of heat by direct contact |
| greenhouse effect | the trapping of heat in the earth's atmosphere by gasses such as water vapor and carbon dioxide |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| element | substances composed of only one type of atom |
| vapor pressure | the tendency of the molecules of a liquid at a givin temperature to evaporate as a result of random molecular motion |
| more than 7 | ph of a base |
| enzyme | a special globular protein uesed to initiate or regulate a chemical reaction in a cel |
| oxygen | the most abundant element in the earth's crust |
| seismology | the study of the earthquakes |
| precious stone | the rarest, most durable, and most beautiful minerals of all prized for their hardness, color, and "fire" |
| hardness | the resistance of the smooth surface of a mineral to being scratched |
| granite | the most common of all igneous rock |
| sandstone | a sedimentary rock that consists of grains of sand (quartz) cemented tighter into rock |
