| Flap 1 | Flap 2 |
| Himalayas | largest mountains in world in North Eastern India |
| Ganges | main river system in India or South Asia |
| South Asia | another word for India in old times |
| Indo-Gangetic Plain | name of rich settled lands around the Ganges river system |
| Deccan Plateau | largest plateau in India |
| Indus | river in South Asia where first civ was located |
| Pakistan | name of modern country that Indus River flows though today |
| monsoon | seasonal winds that bring over 60% of all annual water needs in summer |
| Indian Ocean | large body of water south of India |
| Khyber Pass | opening in Hindu Kush Mts northwest of India |
| Hindu Kush | name of mountains that have Khyber Pass into India |
| Indus River Valley | first settled area of South Asia (India) |
| Harappan | name of first civilization in India |
| Mohenjo-Daro | another city in Harappan civilization of ancient India |
| Harappa | name of big city in Indus River Valley civilization |
| urban planning | Harappans had designed and gridded streets for their cities |
| citadel | fortress of Harappans |
| Sanskrit | oldest writing form in world started in India |
| Aryans | light skin invaders of India who conquer original people |
| Dravidians | original or native dark skin people of India |
| raja | local prince or king |
| caste system | social order of 4 groups in India |
| Brahmin | top of caste-priests |
| Kshatriyas | warriors or governmentt officials |
| Vaisyas | commoners |
| Sudras | day laborers or workers |
| Untouchables | below all other caste levels |
| guru | wise teacher of Hinduism |
| sati | widow must die when husband does |
| cremation | burn dead bodies to release the soul to next life |
| saddus | holy Hindu men |
| dowry | price or gift given by bride's family to groom |
| arranged marriage | family picks who you marry |
| patriarchal | males dominant in society |
| joint family | means extended family or more than 1 generation living under same roof |
| Hinduism | oldest religion in world |
| polytheism | belief in many deities |
| Brahman creator of life | all gods are a form of him |
| dharma | one's duty to follow rules of religion and caste to get better next life |
| karma | the good or bad you do in this life will affect your next life |
| reincarnation | belief that one has many many lives--one's soul is reborn into many life forms |
| cow | sacred to Hindu religion |
| yoga | form of meditation path of knowledge f to lead one to God--4 kinds |
| moksha end of all lives | no more reincarnation |
| Vishnu | the preserver |
| Siva | the destroyer |
| temple | place of worship for Hindus |
| Hindu | believer of Hinduism |
| Vedas | oldest religious writings in world |
| Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddhism |
| Buddha | means enlightened one |
| 6BCE | Buddhism founded by Siddhartha |
| Four Noble Truths | main ideas Buddhism is based upon--humans suffer |
| Eightfold Path | list of 8 rules to live by to be a better Buddhist and gain wisdom-know 4 truths |
| meditation | technique to gain control and wisdom-form of searching for peace |
| stupas | stone towers housing relics of Buddha |
| relic | bodyparts or items worn or used by someone deemed sacred |
| Mauryan Dynasty | first original India empire |
| dynasty | rulers in a family--king inherits job |
| Asoka | greatest king of ancient India who converted to Buddhism |
| Buddhism | philosophy begun by Siddhartha |
| edicts | official messages written by Asoka on stone pillars |
| Gupta Empire | Golden Age of Indian culture and invention |
| Mahabharata | longest poem in world |
| epic | very long poem with heroes |
| Ramayana | another poem about Rama--hero king and his wife--good over evil |
| Stupas | Contains the Buddha's relics |
| Rock Pillars | Buddhist laws written on them |
| Indira Gandhi | Daughter of Nehru and PM of India |
| Jawaharlal Nehru | First PM of India |
| Muhammad Ali Jinnah | Leader of Muslim League |
| Indian National Congress | Primarily a Hindu Nationalist Organization |
| Bapu | Term means "Father" |
| Mahatma | "High souled one" |
| Paternalistic | British attitude toward Indians |
| Infrastructure | Roads |
| Salt | Gandhi's famous march was over this taxed item |
| Spinning Wheel | Symbol of unity and dignity for Indians |
| Satyagraha | Conversion of one's opponent by truth and love |
| Ahimsa | Nonviolence toward all living things |
| Pakistan | Country originally created/divided in two parts. |
| Civil resister | Provokes a response from those doing injustice |
| Homespun Movement | Boycotting British Cloth |
| Amritsar | Killing site of unarmed Indians |
| Nuclear Weapons Nations | India China and Pakistan |
| Indira Gandhi | Prime Minister twice |
| Assassinated | Mohandas |
| Nonaligned | India's position during the Cold War |
| Colored | Gandhi was kicked off the train because he was |
| Untouchability | Gandhi fought against this too |
| Vaisya | Caste group of Gandhi's |
| Ashram | Communal retreat |
| 1st Atomic Bomb | August 6 1945 |
| Mother Teresa | Worked with India's poor inCalcutta |
| Musharraf | Pakistan's leader today |
| Rajiv | Indira Gandhi's son |
| Congress Party | Political party of Nehru and his family |
| Cows | Modern day problem in Indian cities |
| Globalization | Spread of western business and culture into India |
| Bollywood | Type of popular musical India movie |
| BEIC | Initials of company influencing British government in 18th & 19th centuries |
| Victoria | Queen of England when India is the "crown jewel" of British colonies |
