| Question |
Answer |
| Carcinogen associated with: Hepatocellular carcinoma |
Aflatoxins |
| Carcinogen associated with: Angiosarcoma |
Vinyl chloride |
| Carcinogen associated with: Centrilobular necrosis of liver |
CCl4 |
| Carcinogen associated with: Fatty change of liver |
CCl4 |
| Carcinogen associated with: Liver |
-Aflatoxins -Vinyl chloride -CCl4 |
| Carcinogen associated with: Esophagus |
Nitrosamines |
| Carcinogen associated with: Stomach |
Nitrosamines |
| Carcinogen associated with: Larynx |
Cigarette smoke |
| Carcinogen associated with: Lung |
-Cigarette smoke -Asbestos |
| Carcinogen associated with: Mesothelioma of lung |
Asbestos |
| Carcinogen associated with: Bronchogenic carcinoma of lung |
Asbestos |
| Carcinogen associated with: Skin |
Arsenic (squamous cell carcinoma) |
| Carcinogen associated with: Bladder |
Naphthalene dyes (transitional cell carcinoma) |
| Carcinogen associated with: Blood |
Alkylating agents (leukemia) |
| Paraneoplastic effects: definition |
Symptoms not directly related to tumor or hormones of tumor tissue |
| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Small cell lung carcinoma |
(w/ intracranial neoplasms) -Cause: ADH -Effect: SIADH (w/o intracranial neoplasms) -Cause:ACTH/ACTH-like peptide -Effect: Cushing's -Cause:Abs against presynaptic Ca2+ channels at neuromuscular junction -Effect: Lambert-Eaton Syndrome (muscle weakness) |
| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Squamous cell lung carcinoma |
Causes: -PTH-related peptide -TGF-beta -TNF-alpha -IL-1 Effect: Hypercalcemia |
| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Renal cell carcinoma |
Cause: Erythropoietin Effect: Polycythemia Causes: -PTH-related peptide -TGF-beta -TNF-alpha -IL-1 Effect: Hypercalcemia |
| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Breast carcinoma |
Causes: -PTH-related peptide -TGF-beta -TNF-alpha -IL-1 Effect: Hypercalcemia |
| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Multiple myeloma |
Causes: -PTH-related peptide -TGF-beta -TNF-alpha -IL-1 Effect: Hypercalcemia |
| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Bone metastasis (lysed bone) |
(Though technically not a paraneoplastic syndrome) Causes: -PTH-related peptide -TGF-beta -TNF-alpha -IL-1 Effect: Hypercalcemia |
| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Hemangioblastoma |
Cause: Erythropoietin Effect: Polycythemia |
| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Hepatocellular carcinoma |
Cause: Erythropoietin Effect: Polycythemia |
| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Thymoma |
-Cause:Antibodies against presynaptic Ca2+ channels at neuromuscular junction -Effect: Lambert-Eaton Syndrome (muscle weakness) |
| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Leukemia |
Cause: Hypercalcemia due to excess nucleic acid turnover (ie, cytotoxic therapy) Effects: -Gout -Urate nephropathy |
| Name/effect and cause of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with: Lymphoma |
Cause: Hypercalcemia due to excess nucleic acid turnover (ie, cytotoxic therapy) Effects: -Gout -Urate nephropathy |
| Paraneoplastic syndrome and neoplasm associated with: ACTH |
Paraneoplastic syndrome: Cushing's syndrome Neoplasm: Small cell lung carcinoma |
| Paraneoplastic syndrome and neoplasm associated with: ACTH-like peptide |
Paraneoplastic syndrome: Cushing's syndrome Neoplasm: Small cell lung carcinoma |
| Paraneoplastic syndrome and neoplasm associated with: ADH |
Paraneoplastic syndrome: SIADH Neoplasm: Small cell lung carcinoma with intracranial neoplasms |
| Paraneoplastic syndrome and neoplasm associated with: PTH-related peptide |
Paraneoplastic syndrome: Hypercalcemia Neoplasms: -Squamous cell lung carcinoma -Renal cell carcinoma -Breast carcinoma -Multiple myeloma -Bone metastasis (lysed bone) (not really a paraneoplastic syndrome for this one) |
| Paraneoplastic syndrome and neoplasm associated with: TGF-beta |
Paraneoplastic syndrome: Hypercalcemia Neoplasms: -Squamous cell lung carcinoma -Renal cell carcinoma -Breast carcinoma -Multiple myeloma -Bone metastasis (lysed bone) (not really a paraneoplastic syndrome for this one) |
| Paraneoplastic syndrome and neoplasm associated with: TNF-alpha |
Paraneoplastic syndrome: Hypercalcemia Neoplasms: -Squamous cell lung carcinoma -Renal cell carcinoma -Breast carcinoma -Multiple myeloma -Bone metastasis (lysed bone) (not really a paraneoplastic syndrome for this one) |
| Paraneoplastic syndrome and neoplasm associated with: IL-1 |
Paraneoplastic syndrome: Hypercalcemia Neoplasms: -Squamous cell lung carcinoma -Renal cell carcinoma -Breast carcinoma -Multiple myeloma -Bone metastasis (lysed bone) (not really a paraneoplastic syndrome for this one) |
| Paraneoplastic syndrome and neoplasm associated with: Erythropoietin |
Paraneoplastic syndrome: Polycythemia Neoplasms: -Renal cell carcinoma -hemangioblastoma -hepatocellular carcinoma |
| Paraneoplastic syndrome and neoplasm associated with: Antibodies against Ca2+ channels |
Paraneoplastic syndrome: Lambert-Eaton syndrome (muscle weakness due to presynaptic channels being destroyed) Neoplasms: -Thymoma -Small-cell lung cancer |
| Paraneoplastic syndrome and neoplasm associated with: Hyperuricemia due to excess nucleic acid turnover (ie cytotoxic therapy) |
Paraneoplastic syndromes: -Gout -Urate nephropathy Neoplasms: -Leukemia -Lymphoma |
| For the following paraneoplastic syndrome, give the causes and associated neoplasms: Cushing's syndrome |
Cause: ACTH or ACTH-like peptide Neoplasm: Small cell lung carcinoma |
| For the following paraneoplastic syndrome, give the causes and associated neoplasms: SIADH |
Cause: ADH Neoplasms: Small cell lung carcinoma with intracranial neoplasms |
| For the following paraneoplastic syndrome, give the causes and associated neoplasms: Hypercalcemia |
Causes: -PTH-related peptide -TGF-beta -TNF-alpha -IL-1 Neoplasms: -Squamous cell lung carcinoma -Renal cell carcinoma -Breast carcinoma -Multiple myeloma -Bone metastasis (lysed bone: technically not a paraneoplastic cause) |
| For the following paraneoplastic syndrome, give the causes and associated neoplasms: Polycythemia |
Cause: Erythropoietin Neoplasms: -Renal cell carcinoma -Hemangioblastoma -Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| For the following paraneoplastic syndrome, give the causes and associated neoplasms: Lambert-Eaton syndrome (muscle weakness) |
Cause: Antibodies against presynaptic Ca2+ channels at neuromuscular junction Neoplasms: -Thymoma -Small cell lung carcinoma |
| For the following paraneoplastic syndrome, give the causes and associated neoplasms: Gout |
Cause: Hyperuricemia due to excess nucleic acid turnover (ie cytotoxic therapy) Neoplasms: -Leukemias -Lymphomas |
| For the following paraneoplastic syndrome, give the causes and associated neoplasms: Urate nephropathy |
Cause: Hyperuricemia due to excess nucleic acid turnover (ie cytotoxic therapy) Neoplasms: -Leukemias -Lymphomas |
| Primary tumors that metastasize to the brain |
Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia -Lung -Breast -Skin (melanoma) -Kidney (renal cell carcinoma) -GI |
| Primary tumors that metastasize to the liver |
Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver By decreasing frequency: -Colon -Stomach -Pancreas -Breast -Lung |
| Primary tumors that metastasize to bone |
Primary Tumors Like Killing Bone -Prostate (blastic) -Thyroid/Testes -Lung (Lytic) -Kidney -Breast (Both lytic and blastic) Prostate and bone are most common |
| % of brain tumors from metastases |
50% |
| % of liver tumors from metastases |
Unspecified, but there are many more metastases than primary liver tumors |
| % of bone tumors from metastases |
Unspecified, but there are many more metastases than primary bone tumors |
| Brain metastasis: Morphology |
-Multiple -Well circumscribed -At gray/white border |
| Incidence and mortality in men of the following cancer: Prostate |
Incidence: 32% Mortality: 13% |
| Incidence in men of the following cancer: Lung |
Incidence: 16% Mortality: 33% |
| Incidence in men of the following cancer: Colon and rectum |
Incidence: 12% Mortality: Unspecified |
| Incidence and mortality in women of the following cancer: Breast |
Incidence: 32% Mortality: 18% |
| Incidence and mortality in women of the following cancer: Lung |
Incidence: 13% Mortality: 23% |
| Incidence and mortality in women of the following cancer: Colon and Rectum |
Incidence: 13% Mortality: Unspecified |
| Type of necrosis found in: Heart |
Coagulative |
| Type of necrosis found in: Liver |
Coagulative |
| Type of necrosis found in: Kidney |
Coagulative |
| Type of necrosis found in: Brain |
Liquefactive |
| Type of necrosis found in: Tuberculosis |
Caseous |
| Type of necrosis found in: Pancreas |
Fat |
| Type of necrosis found in: Blood vessels |
Fibrinoid |
| Type of necrosis found in: Limbs |
Gangrenous |
| Type of necrosis found in: GI tract |
Gangrenous |
