| Flap 1 | Flap 2 |
| Role of Costal Cartilages | Prolong ribs anteriorly & contribute to elasticity of thoracic wall. Prevent blows from fracturing sternum/ribs. Elderly undergo calcification |
| Rib Excision | Incision through periosteum at rib curve. Piece of rib removed, will regenerated |
| Rib Fractures | Weakest part - anterior to angle. Middle ribs most fractured. Can puncture lung/spleen |
| Flail Crest | When sizeable segment of anterior/lateral thoracic wall moves freely b/c multiple fractures |
| Supernumerary Ribs | Normally 12 ribs/side. Number increased by presence of cervical and/or lumbar ribs, or decreased by failure of 12th rib to form. |
| sternal fractures | Occur during traumatic compression of thoracic wall. Common fracture at body of sterum angle, results in dislocation of manubiosternal joint |
| median sternotomy | sternum split in median plane, retracted and reunited w/ wire sutures |
| sternal biopsies | sternal body used for bone marrow needle biopsy |
| thoracic outlet syndrome | superior thoracic aperture emphasizing important nn. & aa. thru aperture into lower neck & upper limb, ex. costoclavicular syndrome |
| rib dislocation | slipping rib syndrome, displacement of costal cartilage from sternum; pain w/deep respiratory movements. Common in contact sports, cause pressure/damage to nn. vessels, mm. |
| rib separation | dislocation of costochondral junction btwn rib & costal cartilage. Separations of 3-10th ribs, tearing perichondrium & periosteum, thus rib moves superiorly, overriding rib above |
| diaphram paralysis | detection by paradoxical movement. To 1/2 of diaphragm b/c injury to motor supply from phrenic n. only affects 1 dome. Paralyzed dome pushes superiorly by abdominal viscera that are compressed by active side, instead of descending during inspiration |
| pulmonary collapse | If sufficient amount of air enters air pleural cavity, surface tension adhering visceral to parietal pleura (lung to thoracic wall) broken, lung collapses b/c elastic recoil. At collapse, pleural cavity becomes real space |
| pleuritis | inflammation of pleurae makes lung surfaces rough, friction heard w/stethoscope. Acute is sharp, stabbing pain w/exertion |
