| Name, Term, Concept | Description/Definition |
| Moses | led the Israelites out of Egypt; received the Ten Commandments from God on Mt. Sinai |
| Joshua | succeeded Moses; led Israel in the conquest of Canaan |
| Samuel | led Israel from the oppresion of the Philistines; warned against the dangers of having an earthly king. |
| Saul | the first earthly king of Israel; ruled for 40 years. |
| David | one of the greatest earthly kings in history; he ruled Israel for 40 years. |
| Solomon | King David's son; asked God for wisdom to govern Israel; ruled for 40 years. |
| Phoenicians | prosperous sea traders who lived in several independent cities in Canaan; shared their alphabet with the Mediterranean world. |
| Hittites | fierce warriros who lived in Asia Minor; used their resources for war and conquest |
| Mount Sinai | the mountain where God made His covenant with Israel |
| Theocracy | rule by God |
| Ten Commandments | first ten of God's laws which briefly state principles of morality; given to Moses on Mt. Sinai; also called Decalogue. |
| Northern Kingdom | Israel; fell in about 700 B.C. to the Assyrian Empire. |
| Southern Kingdom | Judah; fell in 500s B.C. to Chaldean Empire. |
| Hattusas | capital city of the Hittite Empire. |
| Amalekites | people that the Israelites defeated with God's help while travelling to Sinai |
| Jordan River | the river that God parted so that the Israelites could cross over into Canaan |
| Jericho | walled city that fell at the sound of trumpets and shouts |
| Tyre and Sidon | two independent Phoenician cities |
| Carthage | Phoenician trading post that grew into a large city |
| Asia Minor | the area between the Black Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Euphrates River |
