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| a special layer of cells at the base of a leaf's petiole that severs the leaf from the stem as the plant prepares for winter | abscission layer |
| the basic structural unit of all living things; the smallest self-maintaining self-replication biological entity | cell |
| the oxidation of various foods, such as glucose, within living cells of both plants and animals for the purpose of releasing energy | cellular respiration |
| a subtance found in the chloroplasts of plant cells that gives plants their green color and helps them to capture the energy of sunlight to manufacture food; also found in certain protozoa and bacteria | chlorophyll |
| a complex organelle in green plant cells in which photsynthesis occurs | chloroplasts |
| a jellylike fluid that serves as the fluid medium of a cell | cytoplasm |
| a simple sugar (C6H12O6) produced as the initial product of photosynthesis; the form of sugar found in human blood | glucose |
| the chemical name for table sugar (C12H22O11) | sucrose |
| a complex carbohydrate substace in plant cell walls, composed of long chains of glucose molecules, provides the cell with support and protection | cellulose |
| a complex carbohydrate molecule that consists of a long chain of simple carbohydrates | starch |
| a cresent-shaped cell, bordering a stoma, which expands and contracts to regulate the size of the opening; occur in pairs | guard cells |
| hairlike structures that cover the leaves of certain plants | leaf hairs |
| tiny openings or pores on the surface of a plant, especially abundant on the underside of leaves; (singular: soma) | stomata |
| any of the small blades on a compound leaf | leaflet |
| the tissue that makes up the middle portion of a leaf where most photosynthesis takes place | mesophyll |
| the woody tissue of a stem that carries water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots to the leaves | xylem |
| a point at which leaves grow from the stem of a plant | nodes |
| "little organ"; any of various structures within the cytoplasm of a cell that serve as the "organs" of the cell | organelles |
| the food-making process of green plants, in which the energy of sunlight is used to manufacture glucose from water and carbon dioxide | photosynthesis |
| the part of the plant that is ordinarily underground, serving to anchor the plant, to absorb nutrients, and to store food | root system |
| the part of a plant that is usually found above ground, holding up the leaves toward the sun for the manufacture of food and providing for the production of flowers, fruits, and seeds | shoot system |
| a group of similar cells which work together to accomplish the task of an organ | tissue |
| in biology, a structure composed of various tissues that has a definate function or functions within a system | organ |
| a group of structures designed to function together as a unit to perform a definite job for an organism | system |
| the loss of water vapor from leaves and stems of plants by means of evaporation through the stomata | tranpiration |
| pressure within a plant cell resulting from the intake of water that keeps the cell firmly inflated | turgor pressure |
| a layer of cells in the outer bark of a woody stem that produces cork tissue | cork cambium |
| a thin layer of meristematic tissue between the bark and wood of woody plants where new bark and wood are produced | vascular cambium |
| the pattern of a leaf's veins | venation |
| the phenomenon of a plant losing turgor pressure as a result of a lack of water and becoming limp | wilting |
| the vascular tissue in plants that transports food manufactured in the leaves to the rest of the plant | phloem |
