| Term | Definition |
| sunspot | cooler areas of the sun that appear darker and has a strong magnetic field |
| prominence | a loop of relatively cool, incandescent gas that extends above the photosphere |
| solar flare | an explosive release of energy that comes from the sun and that is associated with magnetic disturbances on the sun's surface |
| coronal mass ejection | a part of gas that is thrown into space from the sun |
| aurora | colored light display in Earth's atmosphere |
| magnetosphere | the space around Earth that contains a magnetic field |
| geomagnetic storm | a sudden disturbance in Earth's magnetic field |
