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Gross Anatomy Lab #1
Muscles of the Back
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| trapezius origin | medial third of the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, and spinous processes of C7-T12 |
| trapezius insertion | superior: lateral third of the clavicle; middle: medial side of the acromion and scapular spine; inferior: near medial end of scapular spine |
| trapezius action | elevates and depresses the scapula (depending on the part of the muscle contracting); rotates the scapula superiorly; retracts the scapula |
| trapezius innervation | motor: spinal accessory nerve (XI); pain and proprioception: anterior rami of C3-C4 |
| trapezius artery | transverse cervical artery |
| latissimus dorsi origin | vertebral spines from T7 to the sacrum, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and lower 3-4 ribs |
| latissimus dorsi insertion | floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus |
| latissimus dorsi action | extends the arm and rotates it medially; raises body toward arm while climbing |
| latissimus dorsi innervation | thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8) |
| latissimus dorsi artery | thoracodorsal artery |
| levator scapulae origin | posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 |
| levator scapulae insertion | medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the spine |
| levator scapulae action | elevates the scapula |
| levator scapulae innervation | dorsal scapular nerve (C5); the upper part of the muscle receives branches of C3 and C4 |
| levator scapulae artery | dorsal scapular artery |
| rhomboid major origin | spines of T2-T5 |
| rhomboid major insertion | medial border of the scapula inferior to the spine of the scapula |
| rhomboid major action | retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity; fix scapula to the thoracic wall |
| rhomboid major innervation | dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5) |
| rhomboid major artery | subclavian=dorsal scapular artery; transverse cervical=deep branch of the transverse cervical artery |
| rhomboid minor origin | nuchal ligament and spines of C7 and T1 |
| rhomboid minor insertion | medial border of the scapula at the root of the spine of the scapula |
| rhomboid minor action | retract scapula and rotate it to depress the glenoid cavity; fix scapula to the thoracic wall |
| rhomboid minor innervation | dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5) |
| rhomboid minor artery | subclavian=dorsal scapular artery; transverse cervical=deep branch of the transverse cervical artery |
| serratus posterior superior origin | nuchal ligament and spines of C7-T3 |
| serratus posterior superior insertion | superior borders of ribs 2-4, lateral to the angles |
| serratus posterior superior action | elevates the upper ribs |
| serratus posterior superior innervation | T2-T5 intercostal nerve |
| serratus posterior superior artery | posterior intercostal aortic artery 1-4 |
| serratus posterior inferior origin | thoracolumbar fascia, spines of T11-L2 |
| serratus posterior inferior insertion | inferior borders of ribs 8-12, lateral to the angles |
| serratus posterior inferior action | pulls down the lower ribs |
| serratus posterior inferior innervation | T9-T11 intercostal nerve and T12 subcostal |
| serratus posterior inferior artery | intercostal artery, subcostal artery, first two lumbar aortic arteries |
| splenius capitis origin | nuchal ligament and spinous processes C7-T3 or T4 |
| splenius capitis insertion | run superlaterally to mastoid process and lateral end of the superior nuchal line |
| splenius capitis action | laterally flex neck and rotate head side to side of active muscles; with s. cervicis extends head and neck |
| splenius capitis innervation | posterior rami - dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-C6 |
| splenius capitis artery | supplied segmentally by: deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal aortic artery |
| splenius cervicis origin | nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T3 or T4 |
| splenius cervicis insertion | posterior tubercles of the tranverse processes of C1-C3 or C4 |
| splenius cervicis action | laterally flex nexk and rotate head to side of active muscle; with s. capitis extends head and neck |
| splenius cervicis innervation | posterior rami - spinal nerves C2-C6 |
| splenius cervicis artery | supplied segmentally by deep cervical artery and posterior intercostal aortic artery |
| iliocostalis origin | iliac crest and sacrum |
| iliocostalis insertion | angles of ribs and cervical transverse processes |
| iliocostalis action | bilaterally - extend vertebral column and head; as back is flexed, control movement by gradually lengthening fibers; unilaterally - flex vertebral column |
| iliocostalis innervation | posterior rami |
| iliocostalis artery | supplied segmentally by deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal artery, subcostal artery, lumbar artery |
| longissimus origin | transverse process at inferior vertebral levels |
| longissimus insertion | ribs between tubercles and angle to thoracic and cervical transverse processes and mastoid process |
| longissimus action | laterally flex vertebral column |
| longissimus innervation | posterior rami (C1-S1) |
| spinalis origin | sacral and lumbar spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments |
| spinalis insertion | spinous processes at thoracic regions and to cranium |
| spinalis action | laterally flex vertebral column |
| spinalis innervation | posterior rami (C2-L3) |
| semispinalis origin | transverse processes of C4-T12 |
| semispinalis insertion | capitis - between nuchal lines; cervicis and thoracis - spnious processes 4-6 vertebrae above |
| semispinalis action | extends the trunk and laterally bends the trunk, rotates the trunk to the opposite side |
| semispinalis innervation | posterior rami (C1-T12) |
| multifidus origin | sacrum, iliac spine, aponeurosis of erector spinae, sacroiliac ligaments, lumbar mamillary processes, transverse processes of T1-T3, and articular processes of C4-C7 |
| multifidus insertion | spinous processes 2-4 vertebrae superior to origin |
| multifidus action | stabilizes vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column |
| multifidus innervation | posterior rami (C1-L5) |
| rotatores origin | transverse processes |
| rotatores insertion | junction of lamina and transverse process or spinous process; 1-2 vertebrae superior to origin |
| rotatores action | stabilize vertebrae and assist with local extension and rotatory movements of vertebral column |
| rotatores innervation | posterior rami (C1-L5) |
| interspinales origin | superior border of cervical and lumbar spinous processes |
| interspinales insertion | inferior border of spinous process superior |
| interspinales action | extend and rotate vertebral column |
| interspinales innervation | posterior rami (C1-L5) |
| intertransversarii origin | superior border of cervical and lumbar transverse process |
| intertransversarii insertion | lower border of transverse process superior |
| intertransversarii action | laterally bend trunk and neck bilaterally; stabilize vertebral column |
| intertransversarii innervation | posterior and anterior rami (C1-L5) |
| levatores costarum origin | tips of transverse processes of C7-T11 |
| levatores costarum insertion | rib between its tubercle and angle |
| levatores costarum action | elevate ribs, assisting with respiration; assists with lateral flexion of vertebral column |
| levatores costarum innervation | posterior rami (C8-T11) |
| obliquus capitis superior origin | transverse process of atlas |
| obliquus capitis superior insertion | occipital bone above inferior nuchal line |
| obliquus capitis superior action | extends the head, rotates the head to the same side |
| obliquus capitis superior innervation | suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1) |
| obliquus capitis superior artery | occipital artery |
| obliquus capitis inferior origin | spinous process of the axis |
| obliquus capitis inferior insertion | transverse process of atlas (not attached to the head) |
| obliquus capitis inferior action | rotates head to the same side |
| obliquus capitis inferior innervation | suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1) |
| obliquus capitis inferior artery | occipital artery |
| rectus capitis posterior major origin | spinous process of axis |
| rectus capitis posterior major insertion | inferior nuchal line |
| rectus capitis posterior major action | extends the head, rotate to same side |
| rectus capitis posterior major innervation | suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1) |
| rectus capitis posterior minor origin | posterior tubercle of atlas |
| rectus capitis posterior minor insertion | inferior nuchal line medially |
| rectus capitis posterior minor action | extends the head, rotate to the same side |
| rectus capitis posterior minor innervation | suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1) |
| serratus anterior origin | external surface of lateral parts of ribs 1-8 |
| serratus anterior insertion | medial border of the scapula on its costal (deep) surface |
| serratus anterior action | draws the scapula forward; the inferior fibers rotate the scapula superiorly |
| serratus anterior innervation | long thoracic nerve (from ventral rami C5-C7) |
| serratus anterior artery | lateral thoracic artery |
| sternocleidomastoid origin | sternal head: anterior surface of the manubrium; clavicular head: medial 1/3 of the clavicle |
| sternocleidomastoid insertion | mastoid process and lateral 1/2 of the superior nuchal line |
| sternocleidomastoid action | draws the mastoid process down toward the same side which causes the chin to turn up toward the opposite side; acting together, they flex the neck |
| sternocleidomastoid innervation | spinal accessory nerve (XI), with sensory supply from C2 and C3 (for proprioception) |
| sternocleidomastoid artery | sternocleidomastoid branch of the occipital artery |
Created by:
medevitt