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| Adaptive Strategies |
The unique way each culture utilizes its particular physical environment; those aspects of culture that serve to provide the necessities of life -- food, clothing, shelter, and the defense. |
| Agrarian |
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| Agribusiness |
Highly mechanized, large-scale farming usually under corporate ownership. |
| Agricultural industrialization |
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| Agricultural landscape |
The culture region based on characteristics of agriculture, within which a given type of agriculture occurs. |
| Agricultural location model |
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| Agricultural origins |
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| Agriculture |
The cultivation of domesticated crops and the raising of domesticated animals./The science and practice of farming, including the cultivation of the soil and rearing of livestock. |
| Animal Domestication |
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| Aquaculture |
Production and harvesting of fish and shellfish in land-based ponds. |
| Biorevolution |
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| Biotechnology |
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| Collective farm |
In the former Soviet planned economy, the cooperative operation of an agricultural enterprise under state control of production and market, but without full status or support as a state enterprise. |
| Commercial agriculture (extensive-intensive) |
/A crop or livestock system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit area of land. It may be part of either a subsistence or commercial economy. /Any agricultural system involving the application of large amounts of capital and/or labor per unit of |
| Core/periphery |
A concept based on the tendency of both formal and functional culture regions to consist of a core or node, in which defining traits are purest or functions are headquartered, and a periphery that is tributary and displays fewer of the defining traits. |
| Crop rotation |
The annual alteration of crops that make differential demands on or contribute to soil fertility. |
| Cultivation regions |
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| Dairying |
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| debt-for-nature swap |
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| Diffusion |
/The spread or movement of a phenomenon over space or through time. The dispersion of a culture trait or characteristic or new ideas and practices from an origin area (e.g. language, plant domestication, new industrial technology). |
| Economic Activity |
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| Environmental modification |
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| Extensive agriculture |
A crop or livestock system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit area of land. It may be part of either a subsistence or commercial economy. |
| Extraactive economy |
Primary activities involving the mining and quarrying of nonrenewable metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources. |
| Farm crisis |
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| Farming |
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| Feedlot |
A factory-like farm, devoted to either livestock fattening or dairying; all feed is imported and no crops are grown on the farm. |
| 1st Agricultural Revolution |
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| Fishing |
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| Food chain |
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| Globalized agriculture |
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| Green Revolution |
The recent introduction of high-yield hybrid crops and chemical fertilizers and pesticides into traditional Asian agricultural systems, most notably paddy rice farming, with attendant increases in production and ecological damage. |
| Growing season |
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| Hunting and gathering |
As economic and social system based primarily or exclusively on the hunting of wild animals and the gathering of food, fiber, and other materials from uncultivated plants. |
| Intensive agriculture |
The expenditure of much labor and capital on a piece of land to increase its productivity. In contrast, extensive agriculture involves less labor and capital./ |
| Intertillage |
The raising of different crops mixed together in the same field, particularly common in shifting cultivation. |
| Livestock ranching |
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| Market gardening |
A farm devoted to specialized fruit, vegetable, or vine crops for sale rather than consumption./The intensive production of fruits and vegetables for market rather than for processing or canning. |
| Mediterranean agriculture |
/An agricultural system based upon the mild, moist winters, hot, sunny summers, and rough terrain of the Mediterranean basin. |
| Mineral Fuels |
Any of the fuels derived from decayed organic material converted by earth processes, especially, coal, petroleum, and natural gas, but also including tar sands and oil shales. |
| Mining |
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| Planned economy |
A system of production of goods and services, usually consumed or distributed by a governmental agency, in quantities, at prices, and in locations determined by governmental program. |
| Plant domestication |
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| Plantation agriculture |
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| Renewable/nonrenewable |
Resources that are not depleted if wisely used, such as forests, water, fishing grounds, and agricultural land. / Resources that must be depleted in order to be used, such as minerals./ |
| Rural settlement |
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| Sauer, Carl O. |
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| 2nd Agricultural Revolution |
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| Specialization |
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| Staple grains |
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| Suitcase Farm |
In American commercial grain agriculture, a farm on which no one lives; planting and harvesting is done by hired migratory crews. |
| Survey Patterns |
A pattern of original land survey in an area |
| Long Lots |
A farm or other property consisting of a long, narrow strip of land extending back from a river or road. |
| Metes and bounds |
A system of property description using natural features (streams, rocks, trees, etc.) to trace and define the boundaries of individual parcels. |
| Township and range |
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| Sustainable yields |
The practice of balancing harvesting with growth of new stocks so as to avoide depletion of the resource and ensuring a perpetual yield. |
| 3rd Agriculture Revolution |
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| Tragedy of commons |
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| Transhumance |
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| Truck farm |
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| Von Thunen model |
Model developed by Johann H von Thünen (1783-1850) to explain the forces that control the prices of agricultural commodities and how these variable prices affect patterns of agricultural land utilization. |
