All 40 vocabulary terms listed on study guide
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| Weathering | the process in which rocks are broken up by the action of water, the atmosphere, and organisms
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| Erosion | the process by which earth materials are moved by natural agents like moving water, wind and ice
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| Deposition | a collection of eroded material such as deposits of sand, dirt, or pebbles
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| Chemical Weathering | the breakdown or decomposition of rock that takes place when minerals are changed into different substances
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| Mechanical weathering | disintegration that takes place when rock is broken into smaller pieces without changing its chemical composition
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| Abrasion | the wearing away of rock by grinding action
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| gradient | a change in elevation over distance
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| oxbow lake | water remaining in an isolated meander in a flood plain
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| meander | a wide curve in a stream channel
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| mouth | the end of a river where it joins a lake or ocean
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| source | the place from which something comes
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| bed | the bottom of the river
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| banks | the sides of the river
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| delta | the fan shaped deposit of sediments at the mouth of a stream
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| waterfall | a steep descent of water from a height
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| Back swamps | swamps that form in the lowest areas of flood plains
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| plunge pool | a deep pool created by a waterfall
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| stream load | the sediments carried by a stream
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| rejuvenate | to make a river younger
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| flood plain | part of the valley floor that may be covered with water during a flood
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| Cut bank | the outer curve of a meander
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| point bar | the inside of a meander where deposition occurs
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| tributary | a small stream of water that feeds a river
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| sand bar | the long ridge of sand collected where water slows down
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| Velocity | the speed and direction of water flow
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| terrace | is a “staircase” carved out by water when a river is changing gradient.
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| sea cliff | a cliff formed at a shoreline by wave erosion undercutting rock followed by a collapse.
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| sea cave | an opening in a sea cliff due to erosion
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| sea arch | a sea cave that has been eroded all the way through, so there is an entrance and an exit.
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| sea stack | a sea arch that has collapsed in the middle
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| bay | a small gulf
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| longshore current | a current that runs parallel to the beach and moves sand down the beach
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| Swash | the motion of water pushed up a beach by breaking waves
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| Backwash | is a gentle current of water that runs down a beach slope under an upcoming wave
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| sandbar | a long ridge of sand collected where water slows down
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| Spit | a line of sand that is attached to land
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| sea wall | a wall or embankment to protect the shore from erosion or to act as a break water
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| Riprap rock | rocks put in a sea cave to slow the erosion of sea cliffs
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| jetty | a wall that causes a buildup of sand due to a longshore current
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| Fetch | an area of open ocean that a wave travels across
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