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| vocabulary word | definition | example |
| colony | a settlement far away from the country that rules it | Many explorers established colonies using the name of their countries. |
| Columbian Exchange | the transfer of people, plants, animals, and germs across the Atlantic Ocean following the voyages of Columbus | The Columbian Exchange caused disease. |
| expedition | a journey made for a special purpose | An expedition to the Amazon rainforest was planned to collect plant samples for further study. |