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| bacteria that thrive in an oxygenrich atmosphere; also called aerobes | aerobic bacteria |
| bacteria which thrive in the absence of oxygen | anaerobic bacteria |
| a chemical substance that kills microorganisms called free radicals that would otherwise damage important cell parts; examples are vitamin C and vitamin E | antiseptic |
| substances produced by bacteria, molds, and certain other organisms that are effective in stopping the growth of bacteria | antibiotic |
| a type of disease that occurs when the immune system attacks the body it is supposed to protect | autoimmune diseases |
| a disease that occurs while a baby is developing in the womb and is present when the child is born | congenital diseases |
| chronic diseases in which tissues and organs gradually lose their ability to function properly; most caused by aging, lack of physical activity; poor diet, or other long-term factors | degenerative diseases |
| a disease that occurs as a result of a malfunction of the endocrine system | hormonal diseases |
| a disease caused by an improper diet | nutritional diseases |
| tiny, single-celled organisms with a prokaryotic cell structure; sing, bacerium | bacteria |
| a tiny capsule of genetic information that reprograms the machinery of a living cell to produce new virus particles instead of the cell's normal products | virus |
| a tiny animal-like creature composed of a single cell | protozoa |
| a microbiologist who specializes in the study of bacteria and bacterial diseases | bacteriologist |
| a microbiologist who specializes in the study of viruses and viral diseases | virologist |
| describing a tumor whose cells show no tendency to spread through the body | benign tumors |
| describing a tumor composed of cells capable of leaving the tumor and spreading throughout the body; considered to be cancerous | malignant tumors |
| any group of diseases resulting from runaway growth of the body's own cells, in which excessive growth of abnormal cells crowds out or destroys healthy, normal cells | cancer |
| a substance that is thought to be capable of causing cancer | carcinogen |
| a condition that interferes with the body's normal functioning | disease |
| a thick-walled, protective capsule encasing a dormant bacterium, enabling it to survive extremely long periods of unfavorable conditions | endospore |
| an occurance of disease which spreads rapidly and uncontrollably among many individuals in a community at the same time | epidemic |
| the biological principle that every infectious disease is caused by a specific germ or pathogenic organism | germ concept of disease |
| HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) - a virus that infects helper and inflammatory T cells and is associated with AIDS; | HIV |
| the ability of the body to resist disease; a condition of resistance to a particular pathogen | immunity |
| the period of time between the entrance of pathogens into the body and the appearance of disease symptoms | incubation period |
| a condition in which pathogens have entered the body and are rapidly growing and multiplying | infection |
| small, bean-shaped organs of the lymphatic system that serve as "bases" and staging areas for white blood cells | lymph nodes |
| the tubes of the lymphatic system that transport lymph | lymph vessels |
| the name applied to tissue fluid while it is in the lymph vessels | lymph |
| the fluid that surrounds body cells; same as extracelluar fluid | tissue fluid |
| poor nutrition; a condition that results from a lack of one or more essential food elements | malnutrition |
| a microscopic organism, such as a bacterium or virus; a microorganism | microbe |
| (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) a syndrome of about 30 disease generally associated with HIV infection; generally characterized by failure of the immune system, leaving the body susceptible to various infectious diseases | AIDS |
| a special heating process by which pathogenic microbes in milk or other beverages may be destroyed without altering the flavor | pasturization |
| an organism that causes diesease | pathogen |
| a virus that inserts a DNA "blueprint" of itself into a host cell's chromosomes | retrovirus |
| any of a group of small bacteria that reproduce only inside living cells, where they feed on the host cell's internal componenets; pl. rickettsiae | rickettsiae |
| a large, glandular organ located in the upper left region of the abdomen that stores surplus red blood cells and functions as an organ of the lymphatic system | spleen |
| an inconspicuous lyphatic organ located behind the stenum and between the lungs above the heart; serves as the center where immature T cells are matured and 'trained' after being produced in the bone marrow | thymus |
| either a pair or oval masses of lymphatic tussue, one on each side of the throat at the cack of the mouth, that function as part of the body's immune system | tonsils |
| a mass of lymphatic tissue in the upper part of the throat, behind the nose, that functions as part of the body's immune system | adenoids |
| groups of lymph nodes located in the intestinal wall of the lower part of the small intestine that function to protect that part of the digestive tract from pathogens | Peyer's patches |
| sexually transmitted disease; any of sveral diseases that are usually spread by direct bodily contact during sexual relations outside of God' institution of marriage | STD |
| a substance that stimulated the body to develop an acquired immunity to a particular disease | vaccine |
| a blood extract containing antibodies against a particular pathogen that imparts short-lived passive immunity to the pathogen when injected | serum |
| an animal that transmits a particular infection | vector |
| 1) an individual who displays no symptoms of a disease but harbors pathogens in his body and can infect others; 2) an individual who possesses an unexpressed recessive gene for a genetic disease | carrier |
