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Science P1 Topic 1
GCSE edexcel core science physics: visible light and the solar system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What model was used to show our solar system thousands of years ago? What did it explain and who came up with this idea? | The geocentric model- which showed that the earth was in the centre of the solar system and all the stars, planets and moons moved in orbits around it. Ptolemy thought of this. |
| what is the current model used to show our solar system? What does it explain and who came up with this idea? | The heliocentric model- which shows that the sun is in the centre of the solar system and the planets and moons move in orbits around it. Copernicus though of this. |
| How did Galileo's discovery help to prove Copernicus' model? | He discovered one of Jupiter's moons orbiting it, showing that things with smaller masses orbit things with larger masses. Therefore, the earth must orbit the sun. |
| How do scientists use waves to find out more about the universe? | - They can use telescopes and photography to view luminous objects - They can use different types of telescopes that detect micro and radio waves to analyse the non-luminous objects in space. |
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of observing the universe with the naked eye? | ADVANTAGES: no danger, no cost DISADVANTAGES: can only be done at night, weather dependant, limited detail |
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of observing the universe with photography? | ADVANTAGES: more detail, allows you to analyse the images later, can record the changes in an object without a person having to sit and watch it all DISADVANTAGES: |
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of observing the universe with telescopes? | ADVANTAGES: much more detail, can be done in the day and at night DISADVANTAGES: expensive |
| What is refraction and when does it happen? | Refraction is where light is bent at the interface between two different transparent media. |
| What is the normal? | A line at ninety degrees to the interface of the media. |
| When light travels from glass into air, what will it do? | It will bend away from the normal and speed up |
| When light travels from air to water, what will it do? | It will bend towards the normal and slow down. |
| What is a lens? | A transparent block that has been shaped so that its interface chanegs the direction of parallel light waves. |
| How does a refracting telescope work? | Distant parallel light waves enter a converging lens, the objective lens. Refraction at the interface focuses the rays to a point (the focal point) where the image is created. The rays pass through the eyepiece lens which magnifies the image. |
| What is the focal length and how can this be measured? | The focal length is the distance between the focal point and the lens. It can be measured by focusing the distant light rays through a lens and onto a piece of white paper. When the image on the paper becomes clear, you can measure the focal length. |
| Are waves reflected at boundaries between materials or not? | Yes they are, which means that whenever light passes though a lens, some of it is reflected. This makes the image fainter. |
| How does a reflecting telescope work? | Distant parallel light rays are focused by a primary, curved mirror. The rays are focused at the secondary mirror, which sends the image to the eyepiece lens, magnifying the image |
| What are the advantages of a reflecting telescope over a refracting telescope? | * Image is clearer at the end because the light rays only have to pass through one lens. * The reflecting telescope can be smaller as it sends light back along the path it came * It can be made much bigger, as mirrors don't distort under weight |
| What do waves transfer: matter or energy? | Energy |
| What are longitudinal waves and what are some examples? | Waves where the particles move in the same direction as the direction of the wave. They have compression and rarefactions. Sound waves are longitudinal. |
| What are transverse waves and what are some examples? | Waves where the particles move at a ninety degree angle to the direction of the wave.They have troughs and peaks. Electromagnetic waves are transverse. |
| Are seismic waves longitudinal or transverse? | Both |
| What is the frequency of a wave? | The number of waves passing a point each second, measured in Hertz (Hz) |
| What is the wavelength of a wave? | The distance from one point on a wave to the same point on the next wave, measured in metres (m) |
| What is the amplitude of a wave? | The maximum disturbance on a wave from its undistrubed position, measured in metres(m) |
| What are the two ways of working out wave speed? | 1. Wave speed(m/s) = distance(m) / time(s) 2. Wave speed(m/s) = wavelength(m) x frequency(Hz) |
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