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SG Semester 1
American Government #8682
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1.) Federal Courts | Two courts: 1.) Constitutional Courts (AKA regular, Article III) - judicial power of the United States 2.) Special Courts (AKA legislative) - made by Congress to deal with cases involving powers given Congress, has less cases than Constitutional |
| 2.) Original Jurisdiction | First court to handle a case has this. District courts can only have this. |
| 3.) Indictment | Being officially charged with a crime |
| 4.) Opinion of the Court | "Majority opinion" - foundation for decision within a case |
| 5.) Due Process | Using fair judgment in a case to conclude the decision (without bias, under established rules) |
| 6.) Freedom of Assembly | Ability to hold public or private meetings without interference of government |
| 7.) Sedition | Crime of attempting to overthrow government (through force) |
| 8.) Bill of Rights | First 10 Amendments of the Constitution reserving certain freedoms for "the people" |
| 9.) Shield Laws | Law that gives reporters the ability to withhold information or sources from legal proceedings |
| 10.) Public Opinion | Compilation of the political views of "the people" |
| 11.) U.S. President | Person with ultimate political power |
| 12.) Double Jeopardy | Law that states that one person cannot be tried for the same crime twice |
| 13.) Conservative, Liberal, Moderate | 1st: seeks to preserve current societal standings 2nd: seeks to change societal standings through government (that they believe are unfair) 3rd: mix between 1st & 2nd |
| 14.) Levels to Federal Court System | Superior level: Supreme Court Inferior levels: Constitutional Court & Special Court |
| 15.) Naturalization | Process of legally changing citizenship (changing country) |
| 16.) Chief Way Federal Government Raises Revenue | Individual income tax |
| 17.) Medicare | federal system of health care for elderly or disabled persons |
| 18.) Congress | This has the power to raise revenue and pass appropriations |
| 19.) Congress | This has the power to declare war |
| 20.) Delegated Powers | Powers given the national government through the Constitution |
| 21.) Form of Government for the U.S. (what kind) | Democracy: people = supreme power |
| 22.) Local Government does not include which of the following: Mayor, Manager, Commission, Council | Council |
| 23.) Unitary Government | Form of government that gives all powers to national government |
| 24.) Believed by Founding Fathers to Have Right to Vote | all people |
| 25.) Individual Income Tax | Half of state revenues comes from this |
| 26.) Taxes | Most important form of revenue for local government |
| 27.) James Madison | Father of the Constitution |
| 28.) Medicare | This is outside state government care |
| 29.) Qualifications for Senator | - must be at least 30 years of age - must be a resident in the state from which he/she was elected - must have been a citizen for at least 9 years |
| (1.) Maybury vs. Madison | This case introduced Judicial Review - allowing Judicial Branch to deem a law unconstitutional (under checks and balances) |
| (2.) Conventions | A gathering of people that discusses a particular matter of common concern |
| (3.) Single-member District | Electoral district - one person elected by voters for specific position |
| (4.) Petition | A formal request, having the names of the ones making the request (petitioners), directed towards a member in authority over that subject |
| (5.) Independent (political party) | A politician that does not fall directly beneath a certain political party (leaving room for personal opinion and separate affiliation) |
| (6.) Platform (Political?) | Listed ideals of a specific politician or party |
| (7.) Jurisdiction (court) | The ability to govern within specified limits appointed |
| (8.) Grand Jury | A body (of jurors) that determines whether or not a person is guilty of a serious criminal offense, and can personally investigate |
| (9.) Petit Jury | A body (of jurors) that decides the whether or not a person is guilty of a crime (usually smaller, more common crimes) |
| (10.) Precinct Captain | Delegated representative within a political party (works directly with the people) in an electoral district |
| (11.) Lieutenant Governor | Second-in-command to a governor |
| (12.) Winner Take All | An old system "whereby a presidential aspirant who won the preference vote in a primary automatically won all the delegates chosen in the primary" |
| (13.) Article I, Article II, Article III | 1st: Establishes Legislative Branch 2nd: Establishes Executive Branch 3rd: Establishes Judicial Branch |
| (14.) Bill of Rights | First 10 Amendments of the Constitution reserving certain freedoms for "the people" |
| (15.) Ratification | Formal acceptance (of constitution, treaty, amendment, etc.) |
| (16.) Impeachment | Being formally accused of unlawful charges, as a public official |
Created by:
Jazzymin990
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