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MrH Civics Final
Review for Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why is the Magna Carta so significant? | It was an early English government document that limited the power of the King--one of the first examples of limited government. |
| What is a social contract? | A theory that states people often sacrifice some individual liberty and unite in order to secure their natural rights |
| John Locke | English political philosopher who theorized that all men are naturally free, and that they have inherent natural rights (life, liberty, and property) |
| Consent of the Governed | Political theory that suggests governments only have the right to rule with the with permission of those it is trying to rule. |
| Civics | The study of government and citizenship |
| Unalienable | Cannot be legitimately taken away |
| James Madison | Founding father of the United States; considered to be the "Father of the Constitution" |
| What are the two ways to become a U.S Citizen? | 1. Birthright citizenship, 2. Naturalization |
| What is the declaration of Independence? | A letter written to the King of England listing grievances, justifying separation, and declaring independence. |
| What were the Articles of Confederation? | The Articles set up the first national government of the United States |
| What are some important ideas found in the Declaration of Independence? | 1. The purpose of government is to protect human rights 2. People have the right to abolish the government when it becomes abusive or doesn't protect people's natural rights 3. Explains the justification for separating from Great Britain |
| What was Shay's Rebellion? | Farmers rebelled against the government in response to taxes and losing their farms in foreclosure. |
| Why was Shay's Rebellion so significant? | It showed that the Federal government under the Articles of Confederation were not strong enough to deal with the nations problems. (The revolt was put down with a privately financed army) |
| Why did the colonists purposely limit the power of the Federal government under the Articles of Confederation? | They wanted to states to hold most of the power because they feared a powerful national government might become abusive of the people's rights |
| Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson |
| What were some problems with the Articles of Confederation? | 1) Could not raise taxes, 2) could not regulate trade, & 3) difficult to make decisions because a supermajority of the states was required. |
| Who were the Federalists? | A group of Americans who favored abolishing the Articles of Confederation and creating a stronger national government with the Constitution |
| Who were the Anti-Federalists? | A group of Americans who against ratifying the Constitution at first because they believed it created a federal government that was too powerful and could become abusive. |
| Who was Alexander Hamilton? | Key American leader who led the Federalists |
| What is Popular Sovereignty? | The government receives its power/right to rule from the people |
| What are checks and balances? | Each branch of government is subject to the restraint or control of the other branches |
| What is federalism? | A system in which ruling power is divided between two different levels: the national/federal government and state government |
| What is the "separation of powers" concept? | Each of the three branches of government are separate with different powers |
| What is Judicial Review? | The Supreme Court can review laws and determine if they are Constitutional |
| From where does the U.S government obtain it's right to rule over Americans? | The people -- (us) |
| What are the three branches of American government? | 1) Legislative, 2) Executive, 3) Judicial |
| What is the main responsibility of the Executive branch? | To carry out and enforce the nation's laws |
| Who is in charge of leading the Executive branch? | The president |
| What is the main responsibility of the Legislative branch? | To create laws for the nation |
| What are the two houses/chambers of the Legislative branch? | 1) House of Representatives 2) Senate |
| Bicameral | A legislative body that has two chambers |
| What is the main responsibility of the Judicial branch? | to interpret and apply law to court cases |
| The Judicial branch is made up of what parts? | The Supreme Court, Appeals Courts, and District Courts |
| What are some ways that the President can check the power of Congress? | by vetoing legislation |
| How is Congress able to check the power of the president? | 1) Overriding a presidential veto 2) Impeaching the president 3) Refusing to ratify treaties |
| How can the President check the power of the Judicial branch? | by appointing judges |
| How can Congress check the power of the Courts? | 1) by impeaching judges 2) by rejecting appointed judges |
| How can the Judicial branch check the power of the president? | By declaring presidential actions unconstitutional |
| How can the Judicial branch check the power of Congress | By declaring laws and acts unconstitutional |
| What is a change to Constitution called? | Amendment |
| What is described in the Preamble of the Constitution? | It describes six purposes of the Constitution |
| What are the highest and lowest courts in the United States? | Highest = Supreme Court, Middle = Appeals Courts, Lowest = District Courts |
| What is concurrent power? | Powers shared by both the Federal and state governments. (collecting taxes, for example) |
| What rights are included in the 1st amendment? | Freedom of speech, press, religion, and to petition and peaceably assemble |
| What rights are included in the 2nd amendment? | Right to own and carry weapons |
| What rights are included in the 3rd amendment? | Protection against being forced to house soldiers |
| What rights are included in the 4th amendment? | No search and seizure without a warrant |
| What rights are included in the 5th amendment? | Includes eminent domain, cannot be tried twice for the same crime, and you do not have to testify against yourself |
| What rights are included in the 6th amendment? | Grants right to a speedy and public trial, a trial by Jury, and an attorney |
| What rights are included in the 7th amendment? | Trial by jury in cases involving money/property exceeding $20 |
| What rights are included in the 8th amendment? | Bans excessive bails or fines, and cruel and unusual punishment |
| What rights are included in the 9th amendment? | nothing written in the constitution can be used to cancel what is written in the amendments (rights retained by the people) |
| What rights are included in the 10th amendment? | Rights not given to the federal government are reserved to the states and people |
Created by:
chris22h
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