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Biology unit exam

TermDefinition
Biological Diversity The different kinds of life on earth
Variations Differences among organisms
species look similar, can mate and produce fertile offspring
speciation the creation of two distinct species from a common ancestor
structural adaptation a feature on or in the organisms body that helps it better survive
behavioral adaptation the way an organisms acts that helps it better survive
diversity index measure of how diverse an area is
sexual dimorphism differences in shape and looks between the sexes within a species
competition when different organisms go after the same food sources or resources
niche the role an organism plays in its environment
broad niche generalists. Can survive in a wide range of niches
narrow niche specialist. Can only survive in small niches
specialist organisms with a narrow niche
generalist organisms with a broad niche
symbiotic two organisms in close relationship to each other
mutualism a symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit
commensalism a symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
parasitism a symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed
heritable traits that can be passed from parent to offspring
asexual reproduction creation of offspring with only one parent. Clones
binary fission creation of two cells from one cell dividing
spores packaging DNA and sending away on wind or rain
budding offspring grow off the parent and detaches when formed
meristem/cutting a section of plant is cut off and replanted to regrow
sexual reproduction creation of offspring with two parents
bacterial conjugation how bacteria create genetic variation
zygote the small ball of cells created immediately after fertilization
stamen male flower parts (filament and anther)
pistil female flower parts (stigma, style, ovary)
gymnosperm "naked seed". No fruits. ex- pine cones
angiosperm covered seeds. Fruits. ex- apples
embryo a small developing offspring
internal fertilization when fertilization happens in the female body
external fertilization when fertilization happens outside the female body
genetics field of biology that studies heritable traits
continuous variation traits that have a large range of possibilities ex-height, weight
discrete variation traits that have a small range of possibilities ex-tongue rolling, blood type
dominant trait the allele that will appear in a "tug of war" of genes
recessive trait the allele that will be masked in a "tug of war" of genes
allele different versions of a gene. ex- blue eyes, or green eyes
nature vs nurture what you are born with vs what you are raised as
mutations changed to the DNA sequence
DNA repeating bases of AT&GC that code for life
chromosomes tightly coiled packages of DNA
gene small segments of DNA that actually code for specific trait
somatic cells human body cells
mitosis the process of cell division that creates human body cells
meiosis the process of cell division that creates sex cells
genetic engineering changing the DNA of living things in the lab to achieve a desired product
gamete sperm and egg are collectively called this
domestic a tame animal in close relationship with humans
artificial selection humans selecting traits
selective breeding humans mating animals or plants together to quickly achieve a desired trait or look
natural selection "survival of the fittest" those best adapted to the environment will pass on their genes
extinction this organism is gone from earth
extirpated this organism is gone from a specific area where it once lived
seed banks large collection of plant genetic material to save for future use
global treaties countries working together to help endangered or extirpated organisms
genotype what alleles are in a person's genes
phenotype what alleles physically appear on a person
Created by: carly.riddle
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