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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| increasing and decreasing the angle between two body parts are known as which type of movements | Flexion (decrease) & Extension (increase) |
| Name anatomical boundary (plane) that exists between the left and right sides of the body (divides the body into two parts top to bottom) | Sagittal Plane |
| which imaginary boundary (plane) divides the body into superior and inferior (top/bottom) parts | Transverse (horizontal) Plane |
| two terms that are used to describe movements towards or away from the midline of the body | Abduction (away) & Adduction (towards) |
| The circular (or, more precisely, conical) movement of a body part, such as a ball-and-socket joint or the eye. It consists of a combination of flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction. "Windmilling" the arms | circumduction |
| The upward & downward movement of the scapula (shrugging the shoulders) are known as which type of movements | elevation (up) & depression (down) |
| which movements is rotating a joint towards the midline & rotating a joint away from the midline. | Internal and external rotation |
| Name the 3 types of structural JOINTS ? | Synovial, cartilaginous, and fibrous JOINTS |
| which freely movable joints are most abundant in the human body ? | Synovial |
| How many types of synovial joints are there | Six |
| These six joints are all of what freely movable type ? "pivot, hinge, condyloid, saddle, plane, and ball-and-socket" | Synovial |
| which joints are connected entirely by cartilage (fibrocartilage or hyaline) | Cartilaginous joints |
| which joints allow more movement between bones than a fibrous joint but less than the highly mobile synovial joint. | Cartilaginous joints |
| a tough but flexible type of connective tissue that joins bones is known as | cartilage |
| which joints are connected by dense connective tissue consisting mainly of collagen | fibrous joints |
| Synovial, cartilaginous, and fibrous are all types of what | joints |
| which joints are also called fixed or immovable joints because they do not move | fibrous joints |
| Health & safety - NOP's are | Normal operating Procedures |
| Health & safety - EAP's are | Emergency Action Plans |
| muscle generates force and lengthens (lowering and decelerating) is which action | Eccentric |
| muscle generates force and shortens (lifting or accelerating) is which action | Concentric |
| muscle generates force and stays the same length (holding/ static control) is which action | Isometric |
| Red and white blood cells are produced in red bone marrow TRUE/FALSE ? | TRUE |
| Are the lungs located in the thoracic cavity or the abdominal cavity ? | Thoracic Cavity |
| which blood vessels have non-return valves veins or arteries ? | Veins |
| what would be progressed if the number of reps of an exercise was increased ? volume, strength, frequency or skill | Volume |
| what would be increased as a result of long term aerobic endurance training ? blood vessel size, lung size, blood pressure or heart rate | blood vessel size |
| which type of muscle contraction is most likely to induce DOMS ? Isokinetic, Isometric, Concentric, Eccentric | Eccentric (eg as you descend stairs or a hill quadriceps muscle group contract eccentrically) |
| what type of muscle contraction is lowering a barbell in a biceps curl ? concentric or eccentric | Eccentric |
| do the quadriceps muscle group contract eccentrically or concentrically as you descend stairs or a hill. | eccentrically |
| Which body type are typically muscular, strong and solid, not overweight or underweight. Mesomorph, Ectomorph or Endomorph ? | Mesomorph |
| Which body type is characterized by a small frame size and little body fat, maybe long and lean with little muscle mass. Mesomorph, Ectomorph or Endomorph ? | Ectomorph |
| Which body type is characterized by higher body fat and less muscle, may appear round and soft. Mesomorph, Ectomorph or Endomorph ? | Endomorph |
| during long term muscular endurance training which of these gets increased ? capillaries, fast twitch fibres, muscle length or creatine | capillaries |
| what would be progressed if a stretch position was held for longer ? Frequency, Intensity, Time or Type (FITT) | Time |
| Muscles only ever have one origin TRUE/FALSE | FALSE |
| Primary Muscles used in a Bench Press flat or inclined | Pectorals. Deltoid. Triceps brachii. |
| The % of carbon dioxide in the air is ? 8,6,10 or 4 % | 4 % |
| which of these activities will best improve the bodys ability to withstand lactic acid bulid up ? Interval Training, Stretching, Shot Putt, Walking | Interval Training |
| Which of the following is a cardiovascular adaptation to aerobic training? - Increased stroke volume - Decreased hypertrophy of skeletal muscles - Decreased number of neuromuscular connections - Increased resting heart rate | Increased stroke volume |
| The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction or beat is known as ? SV | Stroke Volume |
| Increased number and size of mitochondria is a long-term effect of endurance exercise on which muscle type ? | Type 1 - Aerobic |
| Which body type is genetically advantaged in strength-based activities? | Mesomorph |
| The ability of the body to respond to increased demands placed upon it during training is known as ? - progressive overload - individuality - adaptability - specificity | adaptability |
| What is a limitation of using the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale to monitor exercise intensity? | To be effective a visual RPE scale needs to be used |
| Which of the following is a health benefit of physical activity? increased LDL - Lowered HDL - Reduced risk type 1 Diabetes - Reduced Risk type 2 diabetes - | Reduced Risk type 2 diabetes |
| LDL (low density lipo-protein) cholesterol levels - good or bad cholesterol ? | Bad |
| HDL (High density lipo-protein) cholesterol levels - good or bad cholesterol ? | Good |
| Physical activity increases peak bone mineral density and reduces the risk of fracture making it beneficial for what disease ? | osteoporosis |
| Which of the following food groups of the ‘Eatwell Plate’ should be consumed in roughly equal quantities? | Milk and dairy foods & meat, fish, eggs and beans |
| Severe dehydration may be caused when we lose what percentage of our normal bodily water content? 10 - 20 - 30 - 40 | 10 |
| Which of the following can be closely linked to poor nutrition? - Clinical depression - Type 1 diabetes - Osteoarthritis - Obesity | Obesity |
| the 5 components of health-related fitness are | cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility and body composition |
| A "RESPIRATORY" adaptation to aerobic endurance training is ? - Reduced cardiac output - Reduced stroke volume - Increased gaseous exchange - Increased lung size | Increased gaseous exchange |
| The anaerobic capacity for boys and girls is not fully developed until the age of: A.10 B. 14 C. 16 D. 20 | C: 16 |
| power is a combination of strength and which other skill-related component of fitness? A. Speed B. Agility C. Endurance D. Reaction time | A. Speed |
| which of these is recognised as the aerobic zone max heart rate ? - 65% - 75% - 85% - 95% | 75% |
| volume of blood pumped from the heart in a minute is known as which type of output | cardiac |
| amount of blood pumped from the heart per contraction is known as which type of volume | stroke |
| the two types of respiratory muscles are | diaphragm & intercostals |
| bad cholesterol is ? | LDL low density lipoproteins |
| good cholesterol is ? | HDL High density lipoproteins |
| what is the only fuel the body recognises and uses ? | ATP Adenosine triphosphate |
| what is ATP converted to ? | ADP Adenosine diphosphate |
| How ong does ATP last in the muscles in seconds | 1 to 2 |
| which type of training improves the bodys ability to withstand lactic acid & the removal of it | Interval Training |
| which system produces the complete breakdown of carbs/fat & protein (in presence of oxygen) to produce ATP | Aerobic System (with oxygen) |
| what is the best way to measure a persons fitness levels ? | VO2max Maximal oxygen uptake |
| Aerobic energy production occurs in small cell structures called ? | Mitochondira |
| Anaerobic Energy production (CP/Lactate systems) occurs in the muscle cells but (inside or Outside) the mitochondria ? | Outside |
| Digestion System 4 Sources are ? | Ingestion. Digestion, Absorption, Elimination |
| Average size of small intestine is about ? | 22 feet long (size of adults middle finger wound) |
| major site of digestion where nutrients are absorbed into the blood stream | small intestine |
| how many grams of fibre is recommended for adults each day | 30g |
| which type of complex carb (fruits veg wholegrains cereal) cannot be digested by the human body | dietary fibre |
| the bodys largest internal organ ? | Liver |
| which organs secrete enzymes to aid digestion ? | stomach & pancreas |
| Total fitness comprises of ? | Physical - Mental/Emotional - Medical - Nutritional - Social |
| Muscular Endurance & Muscular Strength are sometimes combined & termed as ? | Muscular Fitness |
| Optimal % body fat levels for women | 21-36% |
| Optimal health % body fat levels for men | 8-25% |
| name the six skill related (motor skills) components of fitness | Speed, Power, Reaction Time, Coordination, Balance, Agility |
| what are the two components of Power | Strength & Speed |
| Key Principles of training are SPAIRR | Specificity - Progressive overload - Adaptability - Individuality - Recovery Time - Reversibility - |
| what movement occurs at the lumbar spine | flexion |
| how many curves of the spine | 4 |
| connective tissue surrounding single muscle fibres ? endomysium, periosteum, myofibril, tendon | endomysium |
| which joint allows adduction & abduction ? elbow, knee, vertabral, hip | hip |
| what muscle rotates the spine | external obliques |
| what muscle crosses the anterior of hip joint ? gastrocnemius, erector spinae, rectus abdominis, quadriceps | quadriceps |
| moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body is which system ? | Systemic |
| moves blood between the heart and the lungs is which system ? | Pulmonary |
| what joint action occurs if the latissimus dorsi contract concentrically ? abduction, adduction, flexion, inversion | adduction |
| when a muscle contracts and shortens it is undergoing which type of contraction ? eccentric, concentric, isometric, static | concentric |
| the static contraction of a muscle without any visible movement in the angle of the joint is called ? | isometric |
| when a muscle contracts and lengthens it is undergoing which type of contraction ? eccentric, concentric, isometric, static | eccentric |
| how long to start exercising after normal healthy childbirth ? 6 days, 12 days, 6 weeks, 12 weeks | 6 weeks |
| governments recommended salt intake per day in grms ? 2/4/6/8 | 6 |
| water is essential to the body in forming what ? | blood plasma |
| long term effect of strength training ? decreased capillaries, decreased slow twitch fibres, increased hypertrophy, increased atrophy | increased hypertrophy |
| what exercise component is essential in reducing the risk of blood pooling ? | cool down |
| long term effect of muscular endurance training ? increased capillaries, increased fast twitch fibres, increased muscle length, increased creatine | increased capillaries |
| what principle of training is adapted/progressed when gravity, range of motion & resistance manipulated ? Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type | Intensity |
Created by:
LeeNelson
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