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Module 35

UNIT 5 Solving Problems and Making Decisions

TermDefinition
algorithm a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier-but also more error-prone-use of heuristics.
heuristics a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than an algorithm.
insight a sudden realization of a problem's solution; contrasts with strategy-based solutions.
confirmation bias a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.
fixation in cognition, the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an obstacle to problem solving.
mental set a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past.
intuition an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning.
representativeness heuristic estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information.
availability heuristic estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common.
overconfidence the tendency to be more confident than correct-to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments.
belief perseverance clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
framing the way an issue is posed; how an issue is worded can significantly affect decisions and judgments.
Created by: chujacqueline
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