click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Gram Neg Cocci
Microbiology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Aerobic GN Cocci/coccobacilli | Acinetobacter, Moraxella spp, Neisseria, Pasteurella |
Anaerobic GN Cocci/coccobacilli | Veillonella spp, Kingella kingae |
Can survive on both moist and dry surfaces for long periods; they are important nosocomial pathogens | Acinetobacter |
Normal flora in oropharynx of small percentage of population; can increase in large numbers in hospitalized patients | Acinetobacter |
Clinical syndromes include sinusitis, OM, suppurative conjunctivitis & bronchitis | Moraxella spp |
Less important Neisseria spp frequently colonize _______ | Human upper respiratory tract; anogenital mucosa |
N. gonorrhoeae & N. meningitidis unique virulence factors | LOS (similar to LPS) functions as endotoxin; pili; outer membrane proteins |
Action of N. gonorrhoeae & N. meningitidis outer membrane I | I (porin): enhance intracellular survival |
Action of N. gonorrhoeae & N. meningitidis outer membrane II | II (opacity): mediates attachment to host epithelial cells |
Action of N. gonorrhoeae & N. meningitidis outer membrane III | III (reduction-modifiable): prevents cidal action of serum |
Grows optimally at 37 degrees C in presence of small amount of CO2 | N. gonorrhoeae |
Asymptomatic women provide reservoir for infection (transmission of _________ can occur perinatally) | N. gonorrhoeae |
2 percent of infections disseminate to blood, skin, joints (knees in females) | N. gonorrhoeae |
10 percent of population colonized; disease spread by direct contact or respiratory droplet | Neisseria meningitidis |
Meningitis develops as result of hematogenous spread; is endemic in 0-5 year olds, peaks again in late adolescence | Neisseria meningitidis |
Transmission is zoonotic (via bite, scratch, or licking of open wounds) | Pasturella multocida |
GN anaerobic cocci; infections rare in immunocompetent hosts | Veillonella spp |
Infections rare but usually serious (osteomyelitis, meningitis, & endocarditis) | Veillonella spp |
GN anaerobic coccobacilli; normal flora of human oropharynx | Kingella kingae |
Infections most commonly involve the femur, talus or calcaneus (also lower respiratory tract , blood stream & heart valves) | Kingella kingae |
“Plump” coccobacilli that are ubiquitous saprophytes | Acinetobacter |
Similar, in epidemiologic niche, to Pseudomonas and Enterobacter | Acinetobacter |
7 species; normal flora of oral pharynx | Moraxella |
catarrhalis most important species | Moraxella |
Moraxella virulence factors | LPS (endotoxin), polysaccharide capsule, pili |
Virulence factors include beta-lactamase production | Moraxella |
Family includes the genera Eikenella & Kingella | Neiserriaceae |
How many Neiserria spp found in humans? | 10 |
Most important Neiserria spp found in humans (2) | N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis |
Extemely fastidious Neiserria spp (2) | N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis |
GN cocci; strict pathogens | Neiserria |
“Coffee beans” | Neiserri spp |
Small diplococci with flattened adjacent sides | Neiserri spp |
GN cocci capable of intracellular survival | N. gonorrhoeae & N. meningitidis |
Diagnosis now usually made by genetic amplification | N. gonorrhoeae |
GN coccobacillus; cats/dogs are natural reservoirs | Pasturella multocida |
Most common result of infection is osteomyelitis | Veillonella spp |
GN anaerobic cocci; normal flora of mouth, GI and female genital tract | Veillonella spp |
Small coccobacilli that resemble species of Neiserria | Kingella kingae |
First described in the 1960’s by Elizabeth King | Kingella kingae |