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World Wars Fin.
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Schlieffen Plan | In case of war, Germany would attack France, then Russia. Then would envelope the countries with their armies and attack on the rear/flanks. Created by Field Marshal Alfren von Schlieffer. |
No Man's Land | Area of land between two enemy trench systems. Not controlled by either side. -If entered, you would be met with machine-gunfire. |
1st Battle of Marne | September 6th-12th, 1914. France and Britain advanced on Germany. They saved the capital city of Paris from capture. -Started the use of trenches. |
Propoganda | Exploited stories of rape, mutilation, and murder by Germans against the prisoners. Their barbarity was emphasized as a way to justify the war. |
Plan XVII | Planned French offensive into Alsace and Lorraine. Used to stall German offensive. Failed because it vastly underestimated the size of German invasion forces. -Started August 17, 1914. Created by Joseph Joffre. |
Trench Warfare | Type of combat in which the opposing sides attack, counterattack, and defend from relatively permanent systems of trenches dug into the ground. -Slowed down the war. Caused disease. |
League of Nations | International organization, located in Switzerland , created after WWI to provide a forum for resolving international dispute. -Within 2 decades it failed. |
Bolsheviks | The party that seized power in Russia in the October Revolution of 1917. Then signed a treaty with Germany, giving up lots of land to appease them and focus on interval issues. -Leader was Lenin. |
John J. Pershing | Served as commander of the American Expeditionary Forces in WWI. Helped defeat the Central Powers in 1918. A.K.A. Black Jack. |
Saarland | First established as a distinct political entity in 1920 after WW1. Formerly part of Germany, then used under the administration of the League of Nation for 15 years. -Later returned to Germany. |
Franz Ferdinand | Was to rule Austria-Hungary, however his assassination led to WW1. -Bosnian Serb, a terrorist group from Serbia, had killed him. |
Sussex Pledge | May 4, 1916. German government agreed to give adequate warning before sinking merchant and passenger ships and to provide safety of passengers and crew. |
Ferdinand Foch | French leader who served as supreme commander of the Allied armies during the final months. Had a key role in the negotiation of the Treaty of Versailles. -Became a symbol of resistance for defense against the German invasion on the Western front. |
Pre-WWI Tensions | Colonial competition, creation of alliances caused imbalances, ocean control, nationalistic pride. -Imperialism, nationalism, militarism. |
Powder Keg | Refers to the small events that set of WWI. Need for expansion among major European countries (i.e. the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire). -Alliances, imperialism, militarism, nationalism, and the assassination. |
Armistice | A formal agreement of warning parties to end fighting. -Armistice Day: Nov. 11, 1918. Signed between the Germans & Allies, ending WWI. -Marshal of France Ferdinand Foch, with Allies and Germany, inside of Foch's private railway car at Compagnie, France. |
Pearl Harbor | December 7, 1941. Surprise aerial attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor on Oahu Island, Hawaii. -Led to U.S. entry into WWII. |
Who was/were the military leader for Germany? | Adolf Hitler. |
Who was/were the military leader for UK? | Military- Bernard Montgomery. Government- Winston Churchill. |
Who was/were the military leader for Soviets? | Military- Georgy Zhukov. Government- Joseph Stalin. |
Who was/were the military leader for France? | Military- Charles de Gaulle. Government- Philippe Petain. |
Who was/were the military leader for U.S.? | Military- Douglas MacArthur/ Dwight D. Eisenhower. Government- Franklin D. Roosevelt. |
Battle of the Bulge | December 16, 1944 to January 25, 1945. Located in Nazi Germany, Belgium, and Luxembourg. The last major German offensive campaign. -Fuel shortages and bad weather disrupted German supply lines, which led to an Allied Victory. |
Stalingrad | August 23, 1942 to February 2, 1943. Located in Russia. Won by the Soviet Union against a German offensive that attempted to take the city of Stalingrad. -Turning point for the Allied power. |
Patton | A general in the U.S. Army who commanded the Seventh Army in the Mediterranean Theater of WWII. -Led corps and armies from North Africa, to Sicily, to Europe. |
Nazi Party | Political organization that ruled Germany through murderous, totalitarian means from 1933 to 1945. Party under the rule of Adolf Hitler. |
Benito Mussolini | Italian dictator. Allied himself with Adolf Hitler. The 1939 Pact of Steel formalized the relationship between Mussolini and Hitler. |
Joseph Stalin | After Hitler renounced the non-aggression pact with the two countries (Soviet Union and Germany), Stalin decided to fight with the Western Allies. -As war leader, he maintained close personal control over the Soviet battlefronts and military reserves. |
Adolf Hitler | Dictator of Germany. Initiated the European theater of WWII by invading Poland on September 1, 1939. -Worked against the terms of the Treaty of Versailles by re-arming and re-building the German army. -Germany surrendered after Hitler's suicide. |
Give the date of D-Day. List the 5 beaches that Allied Powers landed on. | June 6th, 1944. -Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword. |
List at least 5 new weapons developed for WWI. | Tanks, U-boats, machine guns, poison gas, and warplanes. |
Name the 5 harsh provisions that the Treaty of Versailles put on Germany. | Pay financial reparations, disarm, lose territory, report to the League of Nations, and accept guilt of war. |
What cities were the A-bombs dropped on, what planes carried them and what were the names of the bombs? | Hiroshima, 1st- Little Boy- Enola Gay (USAAF B-29 bomber) Nagasaki, 2nd- Fat Man- Bockscar (Boeing B-29 Superfortress) |