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Med Language Ch. 10
Turley - Neurology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
neurology | the medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system |
sulcus | narrow groove on the surface of the brain |
gyri | elevated folds on the surface of the brain |
cerebrum | largest and most obvious part of the brain |
cerebral cortex | outermost layer of the cerebrum (gray matter) |
fissure | a natural cleft between body parts or in the substance of an organ |
hemisphere | one half of the cerebrum (separated by a deep anterior to posterior fissure) |
corpus callosum | connecting arch of neurons which supplies the only connection between the hemishperes of the cerebrum |
gustatory | having the function of the sense of taste |
auditory | having the function of the sense of hearing |
frontal | pertaining to the front |
ventricles | four interconnected cavities in the brain fill with cerebrospinal fluid |
brainstem | composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata |
occipital | pertaining to the back of the head |
occipital lobe | area of the brain near the back of the head that analyzes the sensory information about vision |
temporal lobe | two lobes (rt and lt) on each side of the head where sensory information about hearing and smells are analyzed. |
cerebellum | the separate rounded section of the brain that lies inferior to the cerebrum. receives sensory information about muscle tone and body position to maintain balance |
meninges | 3 separate layers of tissue that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord |
spinal cord | long narrow column of neural tissue within the spinal canal |
cauda equina | group of nerve roots found at the inferior end of the spinal cord |
epidural | upon or above the dura mater |
afferent | pertaining to bringing toward the center (nerve impulse to the spinal cord) |
efferent | pertaining to bringing away or out from the center (nerve impulse to the body) |
autonomic nervous system | controls the involuntary contractions of the cardiac muscle, as well as smooth muscles around organs, glands and other structures (broken down into sympathetic and parasympathetic) |
parasympathetic division | active when the body is sleeping, resting, eating, or doing light activity (rest and digest) |
sympathetic dcoivision | active when the body is active or exercising (fight or flight initiated here under stressful conditions) |
somatic nervous system | controls the voluntary movements of the skeletal system such as running and moving your eyes to read |
neurotransmitter | chemical substance that transmits a signal from one neuron to another |
neurons | fundamental functional unit of nervous tissue |
aphasia | loss of the ability to communcate verbally or in writing |
amnesia | partial or total loss of memory |
cephalgia or cephalalgia | headache |
arteriovenous malformation (AVM) | abnormal connection of arteries to veins with no capillaries in between forming an abnormal tangle of vessels |
cerebral palsy | caused by lack of oxygen to parts of the fetus's brain during birth resulting in spastic muscles and poor coordination |
Cerebral vascular accident (CVA) | stroke;brain attack |
hemiparesis | muscle weakness on one side of the body |
hemiplegia | paralysis on one half of the body |
ischemic | pertaining to blood being blocked from flowing to a tissue or organ |
infarct | area of dead tissue |
deficit | a lack or impairment of functional capacity |
concussion | a jarring injury of the brain resulting in disturbance of cerebral function and sometimes marked by permanent damage |
dementia | disease of the brain in which many neurons in the cerebrum die, the cerebral cortex shrinks in size, and there is progressive deterioration of mental function |
sym- | together; with |
epilepsy | recurring condition in which a group of neurons in the brain spontaneously send out electrical impulses in an uncontrolled way |
encephalitis | inflammation and infection of the brain caused by a virus |
hydrocephalus | condition in which an excessive amount of CSF is produced or the flow of CSF is blocked |
meningitis | inflammation and infection of the meninges caused by either a virus or bacteria |
nuchal | pertaining to the neck |
syncope | temporary loss of consciousness; fainting |
anesthesia | condition in which sensation of any type is lost |
-pleg/o | paralysis |
myel/o- | bone marrow, spinal cord |
electroencephelagram | recording of the electrical activity of the brain |
lamin/o- | lamina (flat area on the spinal cord) |