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FINAL EXAM PART 2
Vet Science Final Exam P2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Organic Compounds (tissues) | contains carbon |
| Inorganic Compounds (tissues) | non carbon containing |
| Cell Membrane (tissues) | regulates what enters & leaves the cell |
| Nucleus (tissues) | houses DNA, nucleolus- made up of RNA/proteins & controls protein production |
| Mitochondrion (tissues) | creates energy for the cell |
| Ribosomes (tissues) | creates proteins |
| Lysosomes (tissues) | phagocytes- process of taking large objects & "digesting" them |
| Centrioles (tissues) | participates in cell division |
| Golgi Apparatus (tissues) | modifies, collects, packages, & distributes molecules |
| Tissue Types (tissues) | muscle, nervous, epithelial, connective |
| Epithelial Cells Classification (tissues) | arrangement & shape |
| Epithelial Cell Arrangements (tissues) | simple, stratified |
| Epithelial Cell Shapes (tissues) | squamous, cuboidal, columnar |
| Epithelial Tissue is... (tissues | tightly packed structure that makes a protective barrier |
| Serous Membrane (tissues) | lines the organ, ex: pericardium that lines the heart |
| Mucous Membrane (tissues) | lines us in and out, found in linings that leads out, ex: nose, mouth |
| Connective Tissue (tissues) | connects structures together, providing support & protection |
| Types of Connective Tissue (tissues) | bone, cartilage, fibrous, elastic, loose, blood |
| Bone Connective Tissue (tissues) | most dense type, hardness from mineral deposits, provides support for muscles, organs & other tissues |
| Cartilage Connective Tissue (tissues) | somewhat rigid, no direct blood supply, in joints to protect the bone & ears |
| Muscle Tissue Types (tissues) | smooth, skeletal, cardiac |
| Smooth Muscle Type (tissues) | involuntary, lacks striations, ex: stomach, intestines, blood vessels |
| Skeletal Muscle Type (tissues) | voluntary, striated, composed of myocytes |
| Cardiac Muscle Type (tissues) | involuntary, striated, found in heart |
| Basic Bone Functions (musculoskeletal system) | structure, protection, minerals reserve, blood cell production |
| Ligments connect... (musculoskeletal system) | bone to bone |
| Tendons connect... (musculoskeletal system) | muscle to bone |
| Epiphysis (musculoskeletal system) | ends of the bone, composed mainly of spongy bone |
| Diaphysis (musculoskeletal system) | shaft, composed of compact bone |
| Red Marrow (musculoskeletal system) | in spongy bone, where blood cells are made |
| Yellow Marrow (musculoskeletal system) | in medullary cavity, stores energy as fat |
| Fissured Fracture (musculoskeletal system) | incomplete break, parallel w/ bone |
| Greenstick Fracture (musculoskeletal system) | incomplete break, created by bending force |
| Transverse Fracture (musculoskeletal system) | complete break, perpendicular w/ bone |
| Communinuted Fracture (musculoskeletal system) | complete break, many bone fragments |
| Oblique Fracture (musculoskeletal system) | complete break at an angle |
| Fracture Repair (musculoskeletal system) | hematoma forms first |
| Hip Dysplasia (musucloskeletal system) | poor fit of the hip socket, large breeds affected like German Shepherds |
| Luxating Patella (musculoskeletal system) | patella falls out of position, affects small dog breeds |
| Needle Guages for IM (musculoskeletal system) | 22 guage at a 90 degree angle |
| Needle Length for IM (musucloskeletal system) | 1 - 1.5 inches |
| IM Injection Sites (musculoskeletal system) | quadriceps & hamstrings |
| Homeostasis (hematopoietic system) | process of blood clotting |
| Red Blood Cells (hematopoietic system) | erythrocytes |
| White Blood Cells (hematopoietic system) | leukocytes |
| Platelets (hematopoietic system) | thrombocytes |
| Plasma contains... (hematopoietic system) | water & proteins |
| Capillary Refill Time (hematopoietic system) | <2 seconds, pink/moist |
| White/Pale Gums (hematopoietic system) | sign of shock, low red blood cells |
| Blue/Cyanotic Gums (hematopoietic system) | sign of low oxygen (hypoxia) |
| Yellow/Icteric Gums (hematopoietic system) | sign of liver/kidney problems, desctruction of red blood cells |
| Function of Red Blood Cells (hematopoietic system) | transports oxygen to tissues of the body |
| Hemoglobin (hematopoietic system) | protein that helps transfer oxygen & removes CO2 from tissues |
| Function of White Blood Cells (hematopoietic system) | helps fight off disease/infection |
| Granular WBCs (hematopoietic system) | neutrophils, basophils, eosinophil |
| Agranular WBCs (hematopoietic system) | monocytes, lymphocytes |
| Platelet Purpose (hematopoietic system) | important for clot formation |
| Purple Top (hematopoietic system) | contains anticoagulant, for CBC |
| SST (hematopoietic systems) | no anticoagulant, for chemistries |
| Lymphatic System is composed of... (lymphatic system) | tonsils, spleen, thymus, glands/nodes, vessels, cells that provide immunity |
| Lymph Nodes/Vessels Flow (lymphatic system) | relies on muscle movement, unidirectional valves, passive flow |
| Lymph Nodes (lymphatic system) | submandibular, prescapular, popliteal, axillary, inguinal |
| Signs of Inflammation (lymphatic system) | eryhthema, heat, edema, algesia, decreased use & guarding of the injured area |
| Antigen (lymphatic system) | causes immune response to fight off |
| Modified Live Vaccine Pros (lymphatic system) | immediate, high & long protection. |
| Modified Live Vaccine Cons (lymphatic system) | potential for vaccine induced disease, can't use for pregnant animals |
| Killed Vaccine Pros (lymphatic system) | very safe, good protection |
| Killed Vaccine Cons (lymphatic system) | shorter duration of protection, must be boostered |
| Core Vaccines (lymphatic system) | rabies, distemper, hepatitis (adenovirus), parvovirus |
| Rabies (lymphatic system) | affects central nervous system, passed through saliva, fatal, zoonotic |
| Distemper (lymphatic system) | attacks multiple body systems, often fatal, passed airborne/direct contact |
| Hepatitis/Adenovirus (lymphatic system) | causes disease of the liver, passed by bodily fluids |
| Parvovirus (lymphatic system) | intestinal virus, passed through feces, fatal in puppies |
| Lymphoma (lymphatic system) | cancerous proliferation of lymphocytes |
| Thymus (lymphatic system) | glandular lymphoid organ, important in the maturation of T-cells |
| Arteries (cardiovascular system) | carry blood AWAY from heart, thicker/muscular walls |
| Largest Artery (cardiovascular system) | aorta |
| Veins (cardiovascular system) | carry blood TO the heart, thinner walls, undirectional valves |
| Largest Vein (cardiovascular system) | vena cava |
| Capillaries (cardiovascular system) | where oxygen occurs, "leaky" vessels |
| Blood Flow (cardiovascular system) | heart -> aorta -> arteries -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules -> veins -> vena cava |
| Hypotension (cardiovascular system) | low blood pressure |
| Hypertension (cardiovascular system) | high blood pressure |
| Heartworms (cardiovascular system) | dirofilaria immitis, vector: mosquito, offspring: microfilaria |
| Accessory Organs (alimentary system) | liver, pancreas, gall bladder |
| Monogastric Digestive System (alimentary system) | one simple stomach, ex: dog, cat, pig, human |
| Ruminant Digestive System (alimentary system) | large stomach divided into 4 chambers, ex: cow, sheep, goat, deer |
| Hindgut Fermenter Digestive System (alimentary system) | one stomach, large cecum, diet high in fiber/cellulose, ex: horse, rabbit, guinea pig |
| Papillae (alimentary system) | taste receptors on tongue |
| Frenulum (alimentary system) | band of connective tissue that connects tongue to the floor of the oral cavity |
| Teeth Order from Front to Back (alimentary system) | incisors, canines, premolars, molars |
| Order Food is Digested (alimentary system) | esophagus, liver, stomach, spleen, small intestine, large intestine, etc. |
| Ruminant Chambers (alimentary system) | rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum |
| Rumen (alimentary system) | fermentation vat - lots of bacteria to breakdown cellulose |
| Abosmasum (alimentary system) | "true stomach," secretes acids & enzymes |
| Small Intestine (alimentary system) | creates peristalsis, site for enzymatic digestion & nutrient absorption |
| Cecum (alimentary system) | vestigial structure for dogs/cats, for hindgut fermenters/ruminants it's a site of microbial fermentation, absorption & transportation |
| Colon/Large Intestine (alimentary system) | bulks up/stores material, site of microbial digestion |
| Gastroenteritis (alimentary system) | inflammation in the digestive tract |
| Gastroenteritis can cause... (alimentary system) | melenic (black) diarrhea- higher in the GI tract, hematochezic (bloody) stool- lower in the GI tract |
| Bloat (alimentary system) | gas & toxin build up causing the stomach to bloat, fatal |
| Peristalsis (alimentary system) | movement of the organs to help pass food down the gastrointestinal tract |
Created by:
izzysando
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