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9 - SemTEST Spring24

TermDefinition
Energy The ability to do work
Mechanical Energy the total energy of motion and position of an object
Potential Energy the energy of position or shape
Gravitational PE energy due to weight and height
Elastic PE energy due to an object's ability to stretch and reform its original shape
Chemical PE the energy stored in chemical bonds
Nuclear PE energy stored in the nucleus of an atom
Kinetic Energy the energy of motion
Thermal KE all the energy due to the random motion of the particles that make up the object
Sound KE molecules bumping into each other to transmit sound
Electromagnetic KE movement of electrons for both light and sound waves
Radiant KE the energy that travels in transverse waves
Motion is an object's change in position relative to a reference point
Reference Point A place or object used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion
Distance the length of a path between two point
Displacement the change in position of an object
vector a quantity that has magnitude and direction
Magnitude the size of a quantity
Speed the distance something travels in a certain amount of time
instantaneous speed the speed at a certain given moment
Scalars quantities that are fully described by a magnitude (or numerical value) alone
Velocity the speed of an object in a particular direction
vector quantity Velocity is a ___________.
scalar quantity Speed is a ___________.
meters per second (m/s) velocity and speed are measured in
meters (m) distance is measured in
second (s) time is measured in
meters per second squared (m/s^2) acceleration is measured in
force A push or a pull
balanced forces forces acting on an object that combine and form a net force of zero
unbalanced forces forces acting on an object that combine and form a net force that is not zero
net force the combination of all the forces acting on an object at the same time
friction the force that opposes movement between touching surfaces and always acts against the direction of motion.
static friction the force of friction between surfaces not in motion
sliding friction friction that occurs when one solid surface slides over another
rolling friction the friction between surfaces, when an object, such as a wheel or a ball, rolls freely over a surface.
fluid friction the friction that occurs as an object moves through a fluid
gravity the force that attracts masses together
terminal velocity the speed at which the force of gravity equals air resistance
mass the amount of matter in an object
weight The measurement of the force of gravity on an object that has mass.
force of gravity; mass of the object What are two things that weight depends on?
9.8 m/s² acceleration due to gravity on earth
decreases The force of gravity _____________ as the distance between masses increase.
F = m(a) force formula
The mass of the object; the distance between the two objects What are the two things the strength of gravity depends on?
⅙th That of Earth Gravity of the moon compared to Earth
speeds up When the net force (and therefore acceleration) is in the same direction as the velocity what happens?
slows down When the net force is in the opposite direction as the velocity what happens?
Acceleration The rate at which velocity changes with time
Deceleration negative acceleration
Speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction What are the 3 ways to accelerate?
the object is not moving or it is moving at a constant speed in a straight line When will you have a zero acceleration?
Newton's First Law An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
inertia matter's resistance to change in motion
Centripetal Force the force that causes objects to have circular motion
Newton's second law states the acceleration of an object is equal to the net force acting on it, divided by the object's mass.
Newton's Third Law For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force
Momentum a measure of how difficult it is to change the inertia of an object.
Law of Conservation of Momentum states that the total momentum of a group of objects stays the same unless outside forces act on the objects
mass x velocity momentum formula
p abbreviation for momentum
mass x gravity weight formula
mass x acceleration force formula
Created by: Ms. Greenup
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