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Histology
Cardiovascular
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| name the three functional layers of the heart | Endocardium, Epicardium, Myocardium |
| the Endocardium is composed of this: | endothelium and CT |
| the Epicardium is composed of this: | mesothelium and CT |
| the myocardium is composed of this: | cardiac muscle and purkinje fibers |
| the outermost layer of the heart is called this | epicardium |
| what cellular differences exist between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle? | cardiac muscle has intercalated disc and a central nucleus. skeletal muscles have their nuclei on the edge. |
| intercalated discs of cardiac muscles are made up of these | they "spot welds" of desmosomes and gap junctions that connect cytoplasm of each cell to the cytoplasm of neighbors. |
| this is the pacemaker of the heart | SA node |
| this signaling structure sends impulses down the bunds of His, which is composed of purkinje fibers | AV node |
| these fibers are filled with glycogena nd transmit action potentials much faster than cardiac myocytes. | purkinje fibers |
| describe the function of purkinje fibers in relation to pumping blood | they allow the heart to squeeze blood from the apex out rather than pushing blood to the apex of the heart. |
| this structure of the heart is a layer of insulating connective tissue that electrically isolates the atria from the ventricle. it prevents action potentials from spreading from atrium to ventricle | fibrous skeleton |
| sympathetic input from these structures strengthens the heartbeat | cardiothoracic splanchnic nerves |
| parasympathetic input from this nerve of the brainstem slows down the heartbeat | right and left vagus nerve |
| name the three layers of large blood vessels | tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia |
| describe what the tunica intima is made of | endothelium and subendothelial connective tissue. it includes the internal elastic lamina in larger vessels |
| describe what the tunica media is made of | smooth muscle and external elastic lamina in larger vessels |
| describe what the tunica adventitia is made of | dense irregular CT with some elastic fibers |
| list the three categories of arteries | elastic (large), muscular (medium), arteriole (small) |
| The ballooning out of an artery due to weakness in arterial wall is called this | Aneurysm |
| In an Aneurysm, this layer of the artery is what balloons out | Tunica media |
| This type of capillary is present in the CNS (hint, it forms the blood brain barrier) | continuous |
| This type of capillary has a tin endothelium with large openings closed by a basal lamina. It is located in the GI tract, endocrine glands, renal glomerular tubules, etc. | Fenestrated capillaries. |
| These type of capillaries are found in the liver and hemopoietic organs (spleen and bone marrow). They have irregular walls, wide gaps between cells, large fenestrations, and incomplete basal lamina. | Sinusoidal (discontinuous) capillaries |
| This condition is caused by tortuous, dilated veins caused by decrease in muscle tone and failure of venous valves. Blood pools and may thrombose within the vessels. | Varicose Veins |
| List the types of veins in order from smallest to largest. | capillaries, venules, veins, large veins. |
Created by:
aferdo01
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