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International
Pruett International Section 2
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Ideologies | Ideas, beliefs, and values about the nature of a political system and government. |
Political Systems | A couple of basic dimensions that citizens have relative to the government. |
Individualism | Freedom to pursue goals without constraint. |
Collectivism | Group goals/ needs may be more important than individual needs. (Fascism) |
Socialism | State or group ownership and control of institutions for common benefit, efficiency, and effectiveness. |
Communism | All productive activity is controlled by state. Private personal property exists to varying degrees. |
Democracy | Roots in ancient Greece where govt. is run by citizens directly or by elected reps. Have multiple political parties. |
Totalitarianism | One rep. party or group with great control. Censorship of press, weak individual rights, travel restriction, limits on outside influence. |
China | Converts state enterprises into corporations; some trade liberalization; more open, democratic, tolerant of freedom and dissent; state responsible for land ownership, housing, edu., and training; |
Europe | privatization and economic liberalization, political power variable and complex, connected economically, but differs culturally |
The Middle East | Strong role of religion in government in many countries, theocracy vs. secular government, ranges from democratic to authoritarian |
Russia | Long aftermath of communism and Soviet rule, Economic policy neglect and confusion, weak infrastructure complex politics, corruption (oligarchs forward), education and technological sophistication in many fields, concerned about West and China |
Four Global Foundations of Law | Islamic, Socialist, Common, Civil or Code |
Islamic Law | Interpret Koran and Mohammed, Hadith; sayings of Mohammad, body of scholarly interpretation |
Socialist/Communist Law | Based on communist theory Marx, Engels, individuals subservient to group, property subservient to state or state companies, weak/absent/different business law-impediment to foreign investment. Political constitutions often similar to U.S. |
Common Law | Based on English law. Magna Carta (1215) and forward. Governance through legislation, precedent matters. |
Civil or Code Law | Derived from Roman law. Career judges dominate application/interpretation. Found in: France, parts of Latin America, state of Louisiana |
Basic Principle of International Law | Sovereignty and Sovereign immunity. International Jurisdiction. Doctrine of Comity. Act of State Doctrine. Treatment and Rights of Aliens. Forum for Hearing and Settling Disputes. |
Sovereignty and Sovereign Immunity principle | Governments have the right to rule themselves as they see fit. |
International Jurisdiction principle | Every country has jurisdiction over its citizens no matter where they are located. National principle, Territoriality principle, Protective principle. |
Doctrine of Comity | There must be mutual respect for the laws, institutions, and government of other countries in the matter of jurisdiction over their own citizens |
Act of State Doctrine | All acts of other governments are considered to be valid by U.S. courts, even if such acts are illegal or inappropriate under U.S. law |
Treatment and Rights of Aliens | Countries may refuse to admit foreign citizens. deport them. impose special restrictions on their conduct, right of travel, where they can stay. |
Forum for Hearing and Settling Disputes | U.S. courts can dismiss cases brought by foreigners but they must examine issues like: location of the plaintiffs, where evidence must be gathered, where property to be used in restitution is located |
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act | Illegal to influence foreign officials by: personal payment, political contribution. |