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PerkyPerk Bio Voc
Biology Critical Vocabulary
Term | Meaning |
---|---|
Homeostasis | Ability of a cell or organism to maintain equilibrium or internal balance |
permeability | rate of flow of a liquid or gas through a porous material |
osmosis | water moving from an area of high to low concentration |
deoxyribonucleic acid | double-stranded nucleic acid; contains nitrogen bases A, T, C, and G; found in nucleus of a cell |
ribonucleic acid | single-stranded nucleic acid; contains nitrogen bases A, U, C and G; mRNA (messenger RNA) tRNA (transfer RNA) |
genetic mutation | any change in nitrogen base sequence |
replication | process where genetic material or single-celled organism makes a copy |
transcription | messenger RNA (mRNA) made from DNA; occurs in nucleus |
translation | amino acid chain made from mRNA; occurs at ribosome |
Taxonomy | classifying organisms into natural relationships |
monerans | bacteria; organized into two kingdoms, Archaebacteria and Eubacteria |
protist | Eukaryotic unicellular organism divided into 3 groups; animallike, plantlike, and funguslike |
virus | particle made up of nucleic acid wrapped in protein coat; unable to reproduce without a host cell; not considered living |
speciation | evolutionary development of a new biological species |
phylogeny | evolutionary development of an organ or other of an organism |
adaptation | a change that improves a species ability to survive |
mutualism | relationship between two living organisms where both species benefit |
parasitism | relationship between two living organisms; good for one and bad for the other |
commensalism | relationship between two living organisms; one is helped and the other is unaffected |
predation | capturing prey to maintain life` |
meiosis | cell division that makes cells with half number of chromosomes |
mitosis | cell division where each new cell looks like the parent cell |
diploid | having a pair of each type of chromosomes; 2n |
haploid | contains half the normal chromosome number; n |
autotrophic | organisms that can make its own food from light or chemical energy |
heterotrophic | an organism that cannot make its own food; must comsume other organisms |
prokaryotic | organisms with no nucleus |
eukaryotic | organism that contains nucleus |
adenosine triphosphate | major source of energy; ATP |
organelles | a structure within a cell that performs a specific function |