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Graland 7th Sci. U10

QuestionAnswer
Gene A section of DNA that “codes” for a specific inherited trait.
Chromosome A set of genes (from a few dozen to a few thousand) that are tightly wrapped together into a single, compact package.
Allele A version of a gene.
Dominant Allele An allele whose effect overpowers the effect of another allele. Typically represented using a capital letter.
Recessive Allele An allele whose effect is masked (or hidden) by the effect of another allele. Typically represented using a lowercase letter.
Incomplete Dominance When the effects of two alleles blend.
Codominance When the effects of two alleles are both displayed at the same time.
Genotype The combination of alleles for an inherited trait.
Phenotype The physical expression of a gene; the observable trait.
Mutation A change in the genetic coding. The change may be harmful, helpful, or have no effect at all.
What is evolution? Any change in the genes and phenotypes passed from parents to offspring within a population (i.e. breeding group) across generations. Allows populations to adapt to, and survive, changing environments.
Why does evolution matter? Evolution allows populations to adapt to, and survive, changing environments.
What causes living things to evolve? Random genetic mutations and The process of natural selection
What is natural selection? The idea that the environment presents serious challenges to survival and therefore determines which genes, mutations, and inherited traits are the best for successfully living in a particular place.
What is microevolution? Small changes in allele and phenotype frequencies within a population across generations.
What is macroevolution? The accumulation of so many new inherited changes within a population across generations that a new species develops.
When does evolution happen quickly? When the environment changes suddenly and in major ways making it even more challenging for living things to survive.
What is geographic speciation? The development of a new species due to geographic isolation, divergent adaptation, and reproductive isolation
What is a nucleotide? Basic structure of DNA (Pentagon, Circle, Rectangle)
The 3 parts of a nucleotide Sugar (deoxyribose), Phosphate, and the Base
Similarities of DNA and RNA at least one strand, built with nucleotides, A,G,C , helps build proteins
Length of Human DNA 6 feet per cell, 60 trillion feet in total (estimated)
Base pairs in Human DNA ~3.2 billion
Number of human chromosomes that each parent passes down 23
Number of alleles per gene inherited 2
What determines how alleles are passed from one human generation to the next? Chance
Number of genes in human DNA 20-25,000
Created by: Jam3s
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