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Chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| physiology | study of the functions of the bodily structures |
| anatomy | study of the structures in the body |
| cell | smallest independently functioning iunit of a living organism |
| molecules | chemical building blocks of cells |
| tissues | groups of many similar cells that work together to perform specific functions |
| organs | anatomically distinct structures of the body composed of 2 or more tissue types |
| organ system | group of organs that work together to peform major functions or meet physiological needs of the body |
| homeostasis | state of internal equilibrium or balance maintained by lving things |
| human life processes include: | organization, metabolism, responsiveness, movements, reproduction, growth, differentiation, respiration, digestion, and excretion |
| life depends on: | water, oxygen, nutrients, heat, and pressure |
| smallest level of organization | the chemical level |
| integumentary system | organ system of the human body made up of the skin which functions as a physical protective barrier and serves in thermoregulation |
| skeletal system | organ system of the human body made up of bones which functions as protection to certain internal organs and enables movement through freely movable joints |
| nervous system | organ system of the human body made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves which function to detect, process, and respond to a variety of sensory stimuli using electrochemical signals |
| organism | group of organ systems that work together to maintain life |
| histology | study of tissue structure |
| name the organs that make up the endocrine system and explain its function | an organ system of the human body made up of multiple organs including the pituitary gland, adrenal glands, and thyroid which function to regulate body process through chemical signals |
| name the organs in the cardiovascular system and describe its function | an organ system of the human body made up of the blood, heart, and blood vessels which function to transport nutrients and wastes throughout the body |
| lymphatic system | organ system of the human body made uo of lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, and the thyroid which function to identify and remove foreign particles from the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body |
| respiratory system | organ system made up of lungs and associated structures and functions to provide the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body |
| growth can also be described as | an increase in size |
| digestive system | organ system of the human body made up of multiple organs include esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine which function to ingest, digest, absorb, and defecate nutrient materials |
| urinary system | organ system made up of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra function to regulate blood solute concentrations and blood volume |
| what is the primary function of the reproductive system | produce sex specific hormones and gametes |
| development | changes the body goes through in life including the process of differentiation, in which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function to perform certain tasks in the body |
| responsiveness | ability of living organisms to adjust to changes in its internal and external environments |
| reproduction | formation of a new organsism from parent organisms |
| nutrients | substance in foods and beverages that is essential to human survival |
| define stimulus | any change in an internal physiologial conditons |
| sensor | homeostatic reflex arc that monitors internal physiological conditions |
| define an efferent pathway | pathway that outgoing response signals travel along from the control center to the effector |
| what is an effect? | change in an internal condition caused by a homeostatic reflex arc |
| define a homeostatic set point | a value that an internal physiological condition fluctuates around |
| normal range | described as the values around a set point that an internal physiological condition can be without a homeostatic response |
| negative feedback loop | homeostatic reflex arc in which the effect opposes the original stimulus/ how the body maintains homeostasis |
| positive feedback loop | homeostatic reflex arc in which the effect enhances the original stimulus. example - blood clotting and female labor |
Created by:
biancaluv
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