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Anatomy 1
AG 502 Anatomical Terminology 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 8 things to look for in an oral exam | irregularities in face, lips, jaw, hard palate, teeth/gums; range of movement in tongue, velopharyngeal; overall motor speech |
| CNS | brain and spinal cord, housed in bones: skull, stacked vertibrae |
| 5 basic tissue types | epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous, vascular |
| hippocampus | memory |
| adduction | moving towarepds midline |
| cell | smallest unit of living structure capable of independent existence; 80% water |
| epithelial tissue | sheets of tissue 1. covering the external surface of the body 2. lines cavities and 3. organs |
| epithelial proper | skin and continuous with the skin ex: surface of viscera, glands, ducts |
| vascular tissue | fluid tissues; 10% of body weight |
| appendicular skeleton | 1. pectoral girdle 2. pelvic girdle 3. middle ear ossicles |
| falx cerebelli | lower vertical portion of dura separating cerebellar hemispheres |
| tentorium cerebelli | horizontal portion of dura separating cerebrum from cerebellum |
| synergists | stabilizing muscles |
| 5 properties of life | irritability, growth, spontaneous movement, metabolism, reproduction |
| amygdala | emotions and drives |
| limbic system anatomy | amygdala, hippocampus, fornix, cingulate gyrus, mammilary bodies, uncus, olfactory bulbs |
| potency | stem cell differentiation potential |
| mitosis | cell reproduction |
| axial skeleton | vertibrae, skull, hyoid bone, ribcage |
| synovial fluid | lubricates the joint cavity |
| diarthrodial joint | freely movable; ball and socket, saddle, pivot, hinge, condyloid, gliding |
| atresia | place where there should be a hole but there isn't one |
| falx cerebri | upper vertical portion of dura separating cerebral hemispheres |
| mesencephalon | midbrain; red nucleus, substantia nigra, corpora quadrigemina |
| osteoblast | bone cells |
| spinal midulary junction | where the spinal cord meets the medulla oblongata |
| 3 major fissures of the brain | superior medial longitudial, central (Rolando), lateral (Sylvian) |
| frontal lobe | planning, initiate voluntary motor behaviour, motor planning and coordination |
| abduction | moving away from midline |
| extension | straightening movement |
| metencephalon | hindbrain; pons, cerebellum, 4th ventricle |
| how joints are classified | 1. amount of movement permitted 2. main component of tissue at union of bones and/or cartilege |
| limbic system physiology | motivation, sex drive, emotional behaviour, (smell, taste, hunger, anger, fear, sexual arousal, thirst) |
| antagonist | opposing muscle |
| periosteum | tough, fibrous membrane covering all bones |
| ependyma | neuroglia in the CNS that makes cerebrospinal fluid in the choroid plexus |
| sinus | a cavity within a bone |
| sublux | dislocate a joint |
| epithelial endothelial | inner lining of the walls of blood vessels; has no continuity with epidermis; smooth surface |
| endomysium | binds muscle fibres and separates them from adjacent fibres |
| hindbrain | metencephalon, myelencephalon |
| telecephalon | forebrain; cerebrum, basal ganglia, corpus callosum |
| neurology | study of the effects of "disease" in the nervous system on human behaviour |
| midbrain | mesencephalon |
| forebrain | telencephalon, diencephalon |
| afferent | carrying toward the CNS |
| epithelial mesothelial | lines primary body cavities |
| flexion | bending movement |
| the only two muscles (of 329) that are not paired | diaphragm and procerus |
| efferent | conduction from cental region to the periphery |
| why is anatomy and physiology a basic requirement for certification for SLPs? | 1. vocabulary in medical reports and research articles 2. implications of conditions on speech language function 3. "pattern recognition" relationships among structures 4. "speech mechanism exam" conducting 5. thinking and speaking vocabulary for jobs wit |
| connective tissue | connect or bind structures together, support the body, and aid in bodily maintenance |
| parenchyma | cells that form the essential structure of an organ ex: brain - neural tissue |
| agonist | actively contracting muscle |
| middle cerebral arteries distribution | temporal, frontal and parietal outer surface |
| spinal cord composition | 8 cervical; 12 thoracic; 5 lumbar; 5 saccral; 1-2 coccygeal |
| perimyseum | binds groups of muscle fibres and separates them from other groups |
| epimysium | ensheaths an entire muscle |
| prone | on front, facing downwards |
| peristalsis | ex: esophagus; waves of circular contraction and relaxation |
| fistula | opening/passage where there should not be one ex: cleft |
| diencephalon | forebrain; thalamus, hypothalamus, thalamic nuclei |
| 4 brain lobes | frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital |
| ANS | controls internal environment; involuntary, unconscious, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle; 2 subsections - sympathetic (ON) and parasympathetic (OFF) |
| myelencephalon | hindbrain; medulla oblongata |
| anterior cerebral arteries distribution | inner surface of frontal and parietal |
| posterior cerebral arteries distribution | occipital lobe, inner and bottom of temporal lobe, deep structures of forebrain and midbrain |
| amphiarthrodial joint | yielding; ossifies with age ex: pubic symphysis (for child birth) |
| circle of willis purpose | redundancy; if one area is blocked, blood can still get to that area |
| relative refractory period | the time after firing when a stronger stimulus is needed to fire than when "resting" |
| perichondrium | a tough membrane over all cartilege |
| occipital lobe | primary visual reception and processing |
| foramen | opening or hole in bone or cartilege |
| stem cells | can differentiate into a diverse range of specialized cell types |
| supine | on back facing upwards |
| absolute refractory period | no matter how strong the stimuli - the time after firing where a neuron can not fire again |
| blood consists of ... | corpuscles - red and whiteplatelets - for clottingplasma - watery, intercellular |
| cranial nerve 2 | optic nerve |
| cranial nerve 1 | olfactory nerve |
| parietal lobe | perception of somatic sensations; pain, temperature, touch-pressure |
| 10 principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity | 1. use it or lose it2. use it and improve it3. specificity ('new' skills)4. repetition5. intensity6. time7. salience8. age9. transference - promote other neurons10. interference |
| pre-frontal areas | anticipation, goal direction, planning, interpretation, use of feedback, monitoring int and ext events |
| speech mechanism exam | actually looking into someone's mouth to see the structures and evaluation adequacy for speech production |
| temporal lobe | primary auditory reception and language processing |
| chondroblast | cartilege cells; hyaline (joints), fibro (discs), elastic (ear) |
| how do cells differ? | structure and function |
| ventricular system | 2 lateral ventricles, third ventricle, cerebral aquaduct, fourth ventricle; supports and cushions the brain and spinal cord |
| 4 types of neuroglia | macro, micro, ependyma, Schwann |
| condyle | a rounded or knuckle-like process |
Created by:
Aureole
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