| Question |
Answer |
| A1 receptor (Gq) |
increases vascular smooth muscle contraction, of the skin, splanchnic nerves, GI tract and uterus muscle |
| A2 receptor (Gi) |
Decreases sympathetic outflow, decreases insulin release[inhibition and relaxation] |
| B1 receptor (Gs) |
Increases Heart Rate, aqueous humor formation, lipolysis, renin release, and contractility |
| B2 receptor (Gs) |
vasodilation, bronchodilation, and increases glucagon release, heart rate, contractility, lipolysis, relaxes uterine muscle |
| M1 receptor (Gq) |
CNS and enteric nervous system |
| M2 receptor (Gi) |
decreases heart rate and contractility |
| M3 receptor (Gq) |
Increase exocrine gland secretions, gut peristalsis, bladder contraction |
| D1 receptor (Gs) |
relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle |
| D2 receptor (Gi) |
moduates transmitter release esp in the brain |
| H1 receptor (Gq) |
increase in nasal and broncial mucous production, contraction of bronchioles, Pruritis and pain |
| H2 receptor (Gs) |
Increases gastric acid production |
| V1 receptor (Gq) |
Increases vascular smooth muscle contraction |
| V2 receptor (Gs) |
H20 Permeability and Reabsorption in the collecting tubules of the kidney
|
| activation of Gq protiens |
Increase IP3 which increases intracellular Ca2+, and Increase in DAG which increases Protein Kinase C |
| activation of Gs proteins |
increase cAMP and protein kinase A |
| Activtion of Gi proteins |
decrease cAMP and protein kinase A |
| epinephrine (alpha agonist) |
increases outflow of aq. humor |
| Bromonodine (alpha agonist) |
decreases aq humor synthesis |
| Timolol, betaxolol, carteolol (B-blockers) |
decrease aq humor secretions |
| Azetozolamide (diuretics) |
decrease aq humor secretion due to HCO3- inhibition of carbonic anhydrase |
| Pilocarpine, Carbechol, Physostigmine, ecothiophate (Cholinomimetics) |
increase in aqueous humor, contract ciliary muscle to open trabecular meschwork. |
| Prostaglandin, Latanoprost
|
Increase in aqueous humor and may darken the color of iris |
| Epinephrine |
A1,A2, B1, B2 low doses selective for B1 ; anaphylaxis, glaucoma (open angle), and asthma, hypotension |
| Norepinephrine |
A1 A2 >B1; hypotension but decrease in renal perfusion |
| Isoproternol |
B1=B2, AV BLOCK RARE |
| Dopamine |
D1=D2>B>a; shock (increase renal perfusion), heart failure |
| Dobutamine |
B1>B2; shock, heart failure, cardiac stress testing |
| Amphetamine |
Indirect agonist that releases stored catcecholamines; used for narcolepsy, ADD, and obesity |
| Ephedrine |
indirect agonist that releases stored catecholamines; used for nasal congestion, hypotension, urinary retention |
| Phenylephrine |
A1>A2; pupil dilator, vasoconstriction, and nasal decongestion |
| Albuterol, terbutaline |
B2>B1; asthma, COPD |
| Cocaine |
indirect general agonist, uptake inhibitor, causing vasoconstriction, and local anasthesia |
| Clonidine and a-methyldopa |
centrally acting alpah agonist, decreases adrnergic outflow, used for hypertension, esp with renal disease (no decrease in blood flow to the kidney) |
| antidote for acetominophine |
N-acetylcystein |
| antidote for salicylates |
alkalinize urine, dialysis |
| antidote for anticholinesterases (neostigmine, pyrdostigmine, edrophonium, PHysostigmine, Echothiophate), and Organophosphates |
Atropine +pralidoxime
|
| antidote for antimuscarinic,antocholinergic agents |
PHysostigmine salicylate |
| B-blockers antidote |
glucagon |
| digitalis antitode |
Stop dig, normalize K+, lidocain, anti-dig Fab fragments, Mg2+ |
| Iron antidote |
deferoxamine |
| LEad |
CaEDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine |
| Arsenic, Mercury, gold |
Dimercaprol (BAL) succimer |
| Copper, arsenic, gold |
Penicillamine |
| Cyanaide |
Nitrite, B12 |
| Methemoglobin |
methylene blue |
| carbon monoxide |
100% O2 hyperbaric oxygen |
| Methanol, antifreeze |
ehtanol, dialysis, fomepizole |
| Opiods (morphine, fentanyl, heroine, codeine, methadone, meperidine, dextromethorpan) |
Naloxone/Naltroxone |
| Benzodiazepines (Diazepam, lorazepam, triazolam, temazepam, oxazepam..) |
Flumazenil competitive antagonist at GABA receptor |
| TCA (imipramine, amitriptyline, desipramine, nortiptyline, compiramine, doxepine) |
NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate) |
| Heparin |
protamin |
| warfarin |
vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma |
| tPA, streptokinase |
Amnocaproic acid |
| P450 Inducers |
Queen Barbra takes Phen phen Refuses Greasy CarbS: Quinidine, Barbituates, Phenytoin, Rifampin, Greosulvin, Carbamazepine, St. Johns Worts, Chronic EtOH |
| P450 Inhibitors |
Inhibitors Stop Cyber Kids from Eating Grapefruits: Sulfonamides, Cimetidine, Ketocanazole, Erythromycin (macrolide), Grapefruit Juice, verapamil, acute EtoH, disulfuram, steroids |
| Volume distribution equation (Vd) |
Vd = amount of drug in body/ plasma drug concentration |
| low Vd distribution |
in plasma |
| Medium Vd distrubiton |
in extracellular tissues |
| High Vd distrubition |
In tissues |
| Clearance (CL) |
CL= Rate of elimination of drug/ plasma drug concentration = Vd x Ke (elimination constant) |
| Half life t 1/2 |
T1/2 = .7 x Vd/ CL |
