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devon soil

terms from our soil unit

QuestionAnswer
Weathering the breaking down of rocks into sediments
Mechanical Weathering the physical break up of rocks.
Biological weathering the breakdown of rock by living organisms (plants, fungi, and bacteria)
Chemical Weathering the breakdown of rocks by water, chemicals, and gasses
erosion is the breaking down of rock and carrying those pieces away with wind and water
Frost wedging the freezing and thawing of water within cracks in rocks
Soil is a mixture of (five things) weathered rock (sediments), organic matter (living and dead material), Minerals, water and air.
Compost dead and decaying plant matter.
Fertile soil soil that plants will grow in - has all three nutrients
Humus Compost mixed with rocks and minerals – it forms the dark part of the soil
3 nutrients plants need 3 minerals N-nitrogen, P-phosphorus, and K – potassium
Soil profile a picture of what the layers of soil look like underground.
Soil texture describes how soil feels when it is rubbed between your fingers
Water permeability How fast the water drains through the soil – it’s based on the particle size of the sediment.
Water holding capacity a soil’s ability to hold water
Loam a mixture of sand, silt, and clay
Desertification the formation of deserts due to over farming
Dustbowl When large areas of of American farmland turned into deserts because of over farming and erosion
Wind brakes rows of trees along the edges of fields to cut down on the wind.
Covering soil with hay Covering bare soils with straw to hold the soil in place
Terraces Cutting steps into the sides of hills to prevent erosion
Plowing across grain reduce erosion from rain
Fallow fields not planting a crop in a field to allow the field to recover nutrients.
Rotating crops planting a different crop in each field every year. Different plants use different minerals so it gives the soil a chance to recover.
No till farming leaves the stalks of the previous crop in the ground and plants the seeds without digging up the soil.
Created by: devon science
 

 



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