| TERM | DEFINITION |
| Asthma | An episodic and reversible branchospasm resulting from exaggerated response to stimuli |
| Emphysema | is a permanent enlargement of the |
| Bronchiectasis | is a permanent dilation of the |
| Atelectasis | A collapsed lung due to inadequate expansion of |
| Obstructive lung disease | Lung capacity and forced vital capacity are near normal but can’t get the air out.
|
| Restrictive lung diseases | characterized by |
| Asthma | is trapped distal to bronchi so lungs overinflate |
| Emphysema | permanent enlargement of the |
| Restrictive diseases | The FVC is reduced and the FEV1 normal so |
| Chronic restrictive lung disease | These patients have a proportionally reduced FEV1 / FVC and the ratio is not reduced. |
| Obstructive diseases | FEV / FVC ratio is reduced |
| Intrinsic asthma | Charcot-Leydin crystals (eosinophilic proteins) |
| Panacinar (panlobular) emphysema | a1 – antitrypsin deficiency |
| classic emphysemic | barrell chested |
| no bronchitis | when present there is a pink buffer |
| Bronchitis | when present there is a blue bloater |
| Interstitial lung disease | is basement membrane |
| Endothelial Damage | =poor perfusion |
| Alveolar Damage | =poor ventilation |
| Restrictive lung disease: | Adult respiratory distress syndrome ARDS: |
| ARDS | is usually caused by endothelial damage |
| Goodpasture’s syndrome | : Glomerulonephritis |
| pulmonary emboli | More than 95% of ____________ arise from |
| Primary pulmonary | : idiopathic hypertension |
| secondary pulmonary: | (1) Chronic or interstitial lung disease. |
| Tuberculosis Infection | means that the person has the TB |
| Tuberculosis Disease | with TB does equates tissue damage |
| Ghon focus | As sensitization develops there is a 1.5 cm |
| Ghon complex | If bacilli spread to nodes –escapes from lung |
| Pott’s disease | When vertebrae are affected by TB |
| Apical tumors (Pancoast tumors) | may invade sympathetic plexus > Horner’s syndrome |
| Azotemia | refers to an elevation of the blood |
| Post renal azotemia | : is urine flow obstruction, uretur |
| Prerenal azotemia | : is hypoperfusion. Kidney OK, blood clot outside kidney |
| Acute nephritic syndrome | is acute onset of visible hematuria, moderate proteinuria, and hypertension. |
| Nephrotic syndrome | has heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, lipiduria.nuria, |
| cystitis | - inflammation of urinary bladder |
| nephritis | - inflammation of kidney |
| hematuria | - bloody urine |
| hemoglobinuria | – hemolytic disease |
| Acute renal failure (ARF) | presents with oliguria (scant urine) or anuria (no urine) with the recent onset of azotemia. It can result from glomerular injury, interstitial injury, or acute tubular necrosis. |
| endothelial cells | Fenestrated __________ - capillary walls |
| Glomerular basement membrane GMB | - lamina rara and densa collagen, anionic proteoglycans, fibronectin |
| Visceral epithelial cells- | podocytes with pedicels, filtration slits |
| Mesangial cells- | separate capillaries, phagocytic, contractile |
| hematuria | - bloody urine |
| hemoglobinuria | – hemolytic disease |
| glucosuria | – sugar in urine |
| proteinuria | –loss of protein in urine(> 3.5 gm/day), (albumin) |
| Hyperlipidemia | increased VLDL(associated with nephrotic syndrome appears to be a result of decreased plasma oncotic pressure, which stimulates hepatic VLDL synthesis and secretion) |
| nephritic syndrome albumin | globulin ratio gets reversed (normal: albumin 4.4 gm/dl and globulin 2.5 gm/dl) |
| anasarca | - Generalized edema |
| ascites | – abdominal edema |
| Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) | The histologic picture is the presence of crescentic masses in Bowman’s capsule due parietal cell proliferation |
| Adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD) | - Defect in a gene producing polycystin |
| Urolithiasis | is calculus formation at any level in the urinary collection system, but most often calculi arise in the kidney |
| Cystine stones | can occur in genetically determined renal transport perturbations of certain amino acids and also as happens in uric acid stones, arises in acidic urine |
| hydroureter | dilated ureter |
| Hydronephrosis | refers to the dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces, with accompanying atrophy of the parenchyma, caused by obstruction to the outflow of urine |
| Renal cell carcinoma | tumor can invade the renal vein and extend as a solid column even into the right side of the heart. |
| Wilms’ tumor | Too many cells proliferate in the kidney, increase in size of kidney |
| Herpesvirus infection-HV1 | -(fever blister, cold sore) - Common and transmitted by kissing |
| Genital herpes HSV -2 | - Transmitted by sexual contact, Vesicles on genital area |
| Pseudomembrane | - Candida albicans plaque when immunoprotection is lowered |
| thrush | - Candida albicans, Adherent white curd-like plaques anywhere in the mouth. |
| Hairy leukoplakia | is almost exclusively seen in AIDS and is caused by infection with the Epstein- Barr virus. Does not go to carcinoma. Whitish, well-defined, mucosal patch or plaque caused by epidermal thickening or hyperplasia |
| Aphthous ulcers (canker sores) | . Common, small (< 5 mm), painful, shallow ulcers. They form singly or as a group covered with a gray exudate and rimmed by erythematous tissue. They appear on the soft palate, buccolabial mucosa, floor of the mouth, and lateral sides of the tongue. |
| squamous cell carcinomas | The overwhelming preponderance of oral cavity cancers are |
| Sjogren’s syndrome | (blank) |
