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APES Ch4 Vocab Lytle
Lytle - APES Ch 4 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| age structure diagram | A population divided into groups by age. Sometimes the groups represent the actual number of each age in the population; sometimes the groups represent the percentage or proportion of the population of each age. |
| birth rate | The rate at which births occur in a population, measured either as the number of individuals born per unit of time or as the percentage of births per unit of time compared with the total population. |
| crude birth rate (CBR) | The number of births per 1,000 individuals per year. |
| child mortality rate | The number of deaths of children under age 5 per 1,000 live births. |
| crude death rate (CDR) | The number of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year. |
| death rate | The rate at which deaths occur in a population, measured either as the number of individuals dying per unit time or as the percentage of a population dying per unit time. |
| demographic transition | The pattern of change in birth and death rates as a country is transformed from undeveloped to developed. There are 3 stages. See the text for more info. |
| demographic transition stage 1 | In an undeveloped country, birth and death rates are high and growth rate is low. |
| demographic transition stage 2 | In a developing country, the death rate decreases, but the birth rate remains high and the growth rate is high. |
| demographic transition stage 3 | In a developed country, the birth rate drops towards the death rate and the growth rate therefore also decreases. |
| developed country | A country with relatively high levels of industrialization and income. |
| developing country | A country with relatively low levels of industrialization and income. |
| doubling time | Time it takes a population to double in size. Often calculated using the Rule of 70. |
| emigration | Movement of people out of a country or region, to settle in another country or region. |
| exponential growth | Growth in which the rate of increase is a constant percentage of the current size; that is, the growth occurs at a constant rate per time period. Graphing the population results in a J-shaped curve. |
| growth rate | The net increase in some factor per unit time. In ecology, the growth rate of a population, sometimes measured as the increase in numbers of individuals or biomass per unit time and sometimes as a percentage increase in # or biomass per unit time. |
| human carrying capacity | Theoretical estimates of the # of humans who could inhabit Earth at the same time. |
| immigration | Movement of people into a country or region, having come from another country or region. |
| infant mortality rate | The number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births. |
| J-shaped curve | The curve of the exponential growth model when graphed. |
| life expectancy | The estimated average number of years (or other time period used as a measure) that an individual of a specific age can expect to live. |
| logistic carrying capacity | In terms of the logistic curve, the population size at which births equal deaths and there is no net change in the population. |
| logistic growth curve | The S-shaped growth curve that is generated by the logistic growth equation. In the logistic, a small population grows rapidly, but the growth rate slows down, and the population eventually reaches a constant size. |
| maximum lifetime | Genetically determined max. possible age to which an individual of a species can live. |
| population | A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area or interbreeding and sharing genetic information. |
| population dynamics | The study of changes in population sizes and the causes of these changes. |
| replacement-level fertility | The total fertility rate required to offset the average # of deaths in a population in order to maintian the current population size. (The average is just over 2-do you know why?) |
| species | A group of individuals that are morphologically, genetically, and behaviorally similar enough to be capable of interbreeding and producing viable offspring. |
| Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | An estimate of the average number of children that each woman in a population will bear throughout her childbearing years. |
| zero population growth | A population in which the number of births equals the number of deaths so that there is no net change in the size of the population. |
Created by:
jdlytle
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