History of Planning
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| WORLD'S COLOMBIAN EXPO IN CHICAGO | 1893, daniel burnham, city beautiful movement
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| First N'tl Conf on City Planning in DC | 1909
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| Possibly 1st course in City planning in US | 1909
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| American Institute of Planners (AIP) created | 1917
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| American Society of Planning offcls (ASPO) begun | 1934
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| AIP and ASPO merge to form APA | 1978
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| AICP College of Fellows recog distinguised indiv. contributions | 1999
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| City Beautiful | 1983 by Daniel Burnham (father of planning) chicago columbia expo & 1909 plan of chicago
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| Patrick Geddes | Pioneer of Regional Planning
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| Edward Bassett | Pioneer of Zoning
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| Ian McHarg | Pioneer of Environmental Planning; Concept: Design with Nature
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| Paul Davidoff | Pioneer of Advocacy Planning
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| Kevin Lynch | Image of the City
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| Lewis Mumford | The Culture of Cities
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| Clarence Perry | Plan for New York and its Enviros
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| Jacob Riis | How the other Half lives
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| Agrarian Philosophy (1800s) | Thomas Jefferson & John Hector St. John
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| Laissez Faire Philosophy (1800s) | Adam Smith, advocated for a free market economy
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| Public Health Movement | Later 1800s to early 1900s
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| Garden City Movement | 1898, Ebenezer Howard
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| City Humane Movement | 1930s New Deal
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| City Efficient | 1920s Standardization (SSZEA)
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| New Towns | Late 1930s through 1940s
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| City Functional Movement | 1940s, Military/Federal
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| Ordinance of 1785 | Rectangular land survey and settlement of the western US ( human settlement pattern)
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| 1st Amendment | Freedom of speech & people right to peacefully assemble
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| 5th amendment | No person shall be deprived life, liberty, or property w/out due process of law, nor shall private property be taken for public use w/out just compensation
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| 14th amendment | No person shall be deprived life, liberty, or property w/out due process of law,
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| 1987 Court Case: The 5th Amendment requires compensation for a temporary TAKING | First English Evangelical Church of Glendale v. County of Los Angeles
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| 2002 Court Case: The moratorium DID NOT constitute a TAKING | Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency
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| National Level | -Environment, Transportation, Housing
-Federal Programs
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| Multi-State Level Planning | Environment, Transportation
I.e. Tennessee valley Authority & New York/New Jersey Port Authority
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| State-Level Planning | -Environment, Transportation
-Hawaii, statewide planning example
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| Regional-Level Planning | -Environment
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| Land Based Classification Standards (LBCS) | Classifies land uses across five dimensions. For local planning purposes, LBCS calls for classifying land uses in the following dimensions: Activity, Function, Structure Type, Site Development Character, and Ownership.
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| shift share analysis | technique that analyzes changes in employment in a set or urban areas or regions (i.e. share in nat'l growth, mix change in activities, shift change in activities in study area
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| Emergency Preparedness |
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| Teardowns |
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| Aging Industrial Areas, Corridors & Brownfields |
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| Rustbelt ( & Declining Populations) |
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| Right Sizing |
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| TOD |
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| Transit |
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| Traffic Circles & Roundabouts |
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| Housing Market |
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| ARRA | American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of
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| Sustainability & Sustainable Development |
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| Green Buildings/LEED (LEED-ND) | LEED by USGC, first national system for neighborhood design; merges smart growth,, urbanism, and green building principles
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| Alternative Energy | solar ( most popular), fossil fuels, wind power
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| Smart Growth |
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| Obesity | Emerging Public Health movement
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| Concurrency | 1. Concurrency-based approaches to growth management simply limit development to
areas with adequate public infrastructure. The Town of Ramapo, New York produced
an influential concurrency-based growth management system.
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| Form Based Codes | method of regulating development to achieve a specific urban (physical) form. focus less on land use thru city or county regulations.
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| Smart Code | model transect-based develpmnt for all scales of planning; keeps towns compact, fixes sprawl, rural lands open
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| Neo-traditional/ TND |
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| 2010 Census | Us pop count every 10 yrs; used to set Congressional seats, community services, & $400 bil in fed. funds (local, state, & tribal) each yr
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| Hazard Mitigation (2000) | Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, requires plans for H.M.; to reduce the probability of damages from hazards
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| components of hazard mitigation plan | explanation how it was created
exisiting conditions and problems
alternatives
identify best actions
implementation
how will plan be monitored, evaluated and updated.
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| Seaside, Florida |
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| Level of Service (A, B, C,D,E,F) | D and up is too much.
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| Comprehensive Plans | Long range guiding document with broad focus
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| community develpmnt |
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| zoning and development regulations | exactions fees (
Impact fees
smart growth
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| economic development | workforce analysis
forecasting,attraction, and retention, and revitalization
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| energy policy | fed,state, and local
Energy and climate change issues
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| community gardens and food systems planning | food deserts
food planning policies
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| infill develpmnt/growth managment | parcel classification
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| disaster planning | disaster mitigation act of 2000
Security policies
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| Historic Preservation | nat'l historic preservation act of 1966
landmark designation
historic/cultural resources
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| housing | Housing, factory-built housing (manuf &-pre-fab)
homelessness
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| infrastructure/capital improvements | best management practices
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| environment | 1960s/1970s Fed legislation (Clean Water Act)
Water & Habitat Management
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| Parks and Open Space | Types of Parks/Classifications
Active vs. Passive
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| Policy Planning | specific topics
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| Social Services | fed and state programs
Child care & homelessness
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| transportation and Circulation | Complete streets
Street Classifications
LOS (level of service)
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| Types of Zoning | PUD
Overlay
TDRs
Incentive
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| Intensity, FAR, Bulk |
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| Intensity, FAR, Bulk |
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| NEPA & Environment Impact Statement (EIS) | EIS has 4 sections
-Intro: purpose & Need of Proposed Action
-Affected Environment
-Range of Alternatives (heart of EIS doc)
-Analysis of the ENviro impacts of each alternative
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| PPBS Program Planning BUdgeting system |
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| Zero base budget | starting from scratch
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| Linear (budget) |
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| PERT | program evaluation and review technique
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| GAM | Goals Achievement Matrix
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| Types of presentation techniques | PPT, presentation boards, memos, oral presentations, planning document review (entire)
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| Types of Financing | Bonds
Assessments
Grants
TIFs
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| capital vs Operating Budgeting |
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| (zoning) Intensity Bulk |
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| Planning Commission |
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| Zoning Board of Appeals |
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| FAR |
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