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Exam review

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Ordinance of 1785   Rectangular land survey of old NW  
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When was first model tenement built in Manhatten   1855  
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When was the Homestead Act?   1862  
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What was the Homestead Act?   It opened the lands of public domain to settlers for a nominal fee & 5 years residence  
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When did NY Council of Hygiene mount a campaign to raise housing and sanitary standards?   1864  
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When was the first major tenement house law restricting physical conditions?   1867  
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When was the beginning of land use zoning in the US (San Francisco)?   1867  
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When did the dumbbell tenement debut?   1879  
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What is a dumbbell tenement?   form of multifamily housing built in NY until the end of the century & notorious for poor living conditions (lacked light, air, space)  
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When was the model industrial town built by George Pullman?   1880-1884 (Pullman, IL)  
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When was "How the Other Half Lives" published?   1890  
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What was "How the Other Half Lives" about?   powerful stimulus to housing and neighborhood reform  
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When did fed. gov't recognize problem of slums and cities from a survey?   1892  
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When was the World's Columbian exposition in Chicago?   1893  
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What was the World's Columbian exposition?   source of City Beautiful movement and the urban planning profession  
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Ebenezor Howard publishes "Tomorrow A peaceful Path to Real Reform" started Garden City movement(1902 Garden Cities of Tomorrow)   1894  
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When was the first state court support of an ordinance restricting building heights?   1899  
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When was the New York State Tenement House Law?   1901  
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What was the purpose of the New York State Tenement House Law?   legislative basis for the revision of city codes tenement outlawing tenements such as the dumbbell tenements (Lawrence Veiller)  
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When was Letchworth Constructed?   1903  
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What is the Letchworth development?   The First English Garden City and stimulus to New Town movement in America (Greenbelt Towns, Columbia, etc.)  
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When was the first local civic center plan developed for Cleveland by Daniel H. Burnham?   1903  
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When was the first application of "City Beautiful" principles to a major American City - Burnham's plan for San Francisco?   1906  
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When was the first comprehensive city survey (Pittsburgh)?   1907  
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When was the first official, local, and permanent planning board elected (Hartford, CT)?   1907  
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When was the first National Conference on City Planning in Washington, D.C.?   1909  
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When was the First American use of zoning to restrict development (LA creates multitude of zones)?   1909  
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When was First State Enabling Act passed (WI)?   1909  
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When was Plan of Chicago created?   1909  
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What is the Plan of Chicago?   First Metropolitan Regional Plan - Daniel Burnham  
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When was the first American test of the neighborhood idea (Forest Hill Gardens,Long Island, N.Y.)?   1910  
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When was the first major American textbook on planning?   1913  
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What was the first major American textbook on planning?   Carrying Out the City Plan by Flavel Shurtleff  
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Who is the first full-time municipally employed planner?   Harland Bartholomew 1914 Newark, NJ  
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When did the first state institute extraterritorial mandatory referral of subdivision platts?   1915 in CA  
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When was Cities in Evolution written? by who? and what did is create?   1915 by Patrick Geddes; It created the foundation for regional theory  
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When was the National Park Service established?   1916  
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What did the National Park Service establish?   Established sole responsibility for conserving and preserving resources of special value  
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When was the NAtion's first comprehensive zoning resolution adopted by New York City Board of Estimates?   1916 under George McAneny and Edward Bassett, "Father of Zoning"  
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When did Nelson P. Lewis Publish Planning of the Modern City?   1916  
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When was the first federal-aid highway act?   1916  
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When was the first regional functional authority plan adopted?   1916 - Miami Conservancy District, OH  
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When did Freerick Law Olmsted, Jr. become first president of newly founded American City Planning Institue?   1917  
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What was the American City Planning Institute?   forerunner of the American Institue of Planners and the American Institute of Certified Planners  
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Who were the three unifunctional regional authorities that combined to form the Boston Metro District Commission and in what year?   Metro Sewerage Commission, Metro Water Board, and Metro Park Commission in 1919  
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When was the first parkway in America completed and where?   1919 - Bronx River Parkway, N.Y.  
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When was the first statewide citizens organization in support of planning and where?   1919 - Ohio Planning Conference  
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When did New Orleans designate the the Vieux Carre Commission and what for?   1921 - the first historic preservation commission in the U.S.  
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When and where was the first bi-state functional authority?   1921 - Port of New York Authority  
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When was the Inauguration of Regional Plan of New York?   1922 under Thomas Adams  
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When was the Los Angeles County Regional Planning Commission created (1st of its kind in US)?   1922  
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When and what was the first suburban auto-oriented shopping center constructed?   1922 "Country Club Plaza" in Kansas City, MO  
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When was the Standard State zoning Enabling Act issued by U.S. Dept of commerce under Sec. Herbert Hoover?   1924  
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What city and when was the first major American city to officially endorse a comprehensive plan?   1925 - Cincinnatti, OH, Alfred Bettman  
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When was Ernest Burgess's "Concentric Zone" published? and what is it?   1925 - model of urban structure and land use  
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When was the 1st comp plan adopted by a planning board of a major American city?   1925 - Cincinnatti  
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When was the first public subsidy for housing? where?   1926 - State of New York  
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When did teh Supreme Court uphold constitutionality of comp zoning (Village of Euclid vs. Amber Realty Co.)?   1926  
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When was teh Standard City Planning Enabing Act issued by US Dept of Commerce under Sec. Herbert Hoover?   1928  
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When was the first "new town" built? and where?   1928 in Radburn, N.J.  
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When was Clarence Perry's monograph on the Neighborhood Unit published? and in what?   1929 in the Volume VII of the Regional Survey of New York and ITs Environs  
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What event fostered idea of public planning on a national scale? when did it occur?   Stock market crash in October 1929 ushers in Great Depression  
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When did the National Land Utilization Conferrence convene in Chicago? what was it?   1931 - 300 ag experts deliberated on rural recovery programs and natural resource conservation  
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When was FDR inaugurated?   1933  
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When did the New Deal begin with a few counter-depression measures??   1933  
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When was Fed Emergency Relief Admin set-up under Harry Hopkins? and why?   1933 - to organize relief  
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When was the Home Owners Loan Corp established? and why?   1933 - to save homwowners facing loss through foreclosure  
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When was TVA created?   1933  
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Why was TVA created?   To provide for unified and multipurpose rehabilitation and redevelopment of the TN Valley, America's most famous exp. in river-basin planning.  
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Who was the father of the TVA idea?   Sen. George Norris of ID  
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What was the first large-scale regional program in integrated economic, social, and physical development planning by teh fed. gov't?   TVA  
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When was the first U.S. National Planning Board created?   1933  
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When was teh U.S. National Planning Board abolished to become the National Resources Planning Board?   1943  
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When was the National Housing Act created? and why?   1934 - established FSLIC for insuring savings deposits and teh FHA for insuring ind. hoome mortgages  
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When was American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO) founded?   1934  
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Who was the first president of the ASPO?   Alfred Bettman  
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When was the first US federally built housing constructed for the general public?   1934  
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When was the Resettlement Administration established under Rexford Tugwell?   1935  
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What is the Resettlement Administration?   Roosevelt "braintruster" to carry out experiments in land reform and pop resettlement  
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What cities did this agency build?   Greenbelt, MD and Greenhills, OH forerunners of present day New Towns: Columbia, MD & Reston, VA  
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When were the US federally built new towns built in peacetime?   1935-1937  
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What were the new towns called?   "greenbelt" towns  
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What was the Fed. Housing Act of 1937?   First major fed. legislative commitment to public housing  
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When did the influential "sector theory" of urban structure appear? and in what monograph?   1939 by Homer Hoyt in The Structure and Growth of Residential Neighborhoods in American Cities  
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Whan was ACPI renamed to American Institute of Planners (AIP)?   1939  
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When was the Serviceman's Readjustment Act (GI bill) passed?   1944  
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What was the GI bill?   Guaranteed loans for homes to veterans under favorable terms, thereby accelerating the growth of suburbs  
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When and where was teh first state redevelopment act passed?   1945 - PA  
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When did construction of Park Forest, IL & Levittown, NY begin?   1947  
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Who was the first American City to adopt a new comp plan following WW II? When?   Cincinnatti - 1948  
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When was the Housing Act passed (Wagner-Ellender-Taft Bill)?   1949  
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What was the Housing Act (Taft Bill)?   First comprehensive housing legislation aimed to construct 800,000 units - inaugurated urban redevelopment program  
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When was the National Trust for Historic Preservation created and chartered by Congress?   1949  
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What was the US House Act of 1949?   First US federal urban redevelopment  
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When was Berman vs. Parker?   1954  
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What was Berman vs. Parker?   US supreme Court upholds right of DC Redevelopment Land Agency to condemen properties that are unsightly, though non-deteriorated, if required to achieve objective of duly established area redevelpment plan  
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When did the Council of Government (COG) Movement begin? where?   1954 - Detroit  
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What was the US House Act of 1954?   First Fed conservation and rehabilitation program and first federal 50/50 funding for preparation of general plans ("701")  
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When was "Image of the City" published? Who wrote it?   1960 by Kevin Lynch  
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Who was the first state to institue statewide zoning? when?   Hawaii - 1961  
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When was "The Death and Life of Great American Cities" written? by who?   1961 by Jane Jacobs  
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What was "The Death and Life of Great American Cities" about?   includees critique of planning and planners  
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When was the first federal housing subsidy program?   1961 ["221-d(3)"]  
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when was the first zoning ordinance for a major US city that introduced "flexible" controls (such as FAR)?   1961 - New York City  
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When was Columbia, MD established?   1963  
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What is special about Columbia, MD?   situated halfway bewteen WA and Baltimore, features some class integration and the neighborhood principle  
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When was the Civil Rights Act?   1964 - outlaws discrimination on the base of race, creed, and national roigin in places of public accommodation  
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When was the "Urban General Plan" written? by who?   1964 by T.J. Kent  
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Who was the 1st Sec of the new US Dept. of Housing & Urban Development? when was he assigned?   Robert C. Weaver - 1965  
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When was the Dept. of Housing & Urban Dev created?   1965  
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When was the National Historic Preservation Act passed?   1966  
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What was the National Historic Preservation Act?   establishes the National Register of Historic Places & provides, through Sec 106, for the protection of preservation-worthy sites & prop. threatened by federal activities  
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What councils and officers were created from the Nat'l Historic Preservation Act?   national Advisory Council on Histroic Preservation and each state must appt. State Histoic Preservation Officer (SHPO)  
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What launched the "model cities" program? and when?   The Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act in 1966  
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What was the "model cities" program?   an interdisciplianry attack on urban blight and poverty; centerpiece of Pres. Lyndon Jphnson's "Great Society" program  
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When was "Design with Nature" published? written by who?   1969 by Ian McHarg  
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What was "Design with Nature" about?   linking planning to the natural environment  
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When was the National Environmental Policy Act passed?   1969  
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What is the National Environmental Policy Act?   an "environmental impact statement" for every federal or federally aided state or local major action that might significantly harm the environment  
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When was the Federal Environmental Protection Agency established?   1970  
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Why was the Federal Environmental Protection Agency established?   to administer main provisions of the Clean Air Act  
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When was the transfer of development rights (TDR) concept introduced?   1971 in Chicago  
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Golden vs. Planning Board of Ramapo   1972 - NY high court allows the use of performance criteria as a means of slowing community growth  
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When was the 1st Federal Revenue sharing program?   1972  
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When was the 1st national land-use legislation introduced?   1972 but it was later aborted  
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When was the first rapid transit system built? where?   1972, San Francisco Bay Area (BART - Bay Area Rapid Transit)  
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What is rapid transit system?   fast center-to-center service  
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When did Sen. Jackson propose national land-use legislation? Why?   1972 - to protect natural resources and undeveloped land  
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When did the Housing and Community Development Act replace the categorical grant with the block grant as the principal form of federal aid for local community development?   1974  
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What did the Housing and Community Development Act do?   eliminated categorical grants, created block grants  
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When did American Institue of Planners (AIP) merge with American Society of Planning Officals?   1978 it became APA  
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Penn Central Transportation Co vs. City of New York   1978 - US Supreme Court Uphelds NYC Landmark Preservation Law as applied to Grand Central Terminal. The court found that baring some development of air rights was not a taking when the interior of the property could be put to lucrative use  
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Who was the first state to institue statewide zoning and when?   Hawaii in 1978  
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When did the "Reagan Revolution" begin?   1980  
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What was the "Reagan Revolution"?   Planning profession challenged to adapt to a new policy environemnt: reduced federal domestic spending, privatization, deregulation, etc. Phase-out of some earlier aids ro planning (e.g. sewer grants) and planning programs (e.g. "Title V Regions")  
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Case focusing on Mt. Laurel, New Jersey   1983 - NJ Supreme Court rules that all 567 municipalities in the state must build their "fair share" of affordable housing. A precedent-setting decision against racial segregation  
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First English Evangelical Lutheran Church vs. County of Los Angeles   1987  
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Nollan vs. California Coastal Commission   1988 - Supreme Court finds that even a temporary taking requires compensation. Finds that land-use restrictions, to be valid, must be tied directly to a specific public purpose  
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When was ISTEA passed?   1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act  
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What were key parts of ISTEA?   included provision for National Scenic Byways Program and for transportation enhancements, each of which include Histroic Preservation Component  
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What was the first Fed transportation law to mandate planning?   ISTEA in 1991  
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Lucas vs. South Carolina Coastal Council   1992 - US Supreme Court limits local and state government's ability to restrict private property without compensation  
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Dolan vs. City of Tygard   1994 - US Supreme Court rules that a jurisdiction must show that there is a rough proportionality between the adverse impacts of a proposed development and teh exactions it wishes to impose on the developer  
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When did President Clinton create eight new national monuments in five western states?   2000-2001  
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What are the 8 new national monuments?   Canyons of the Ancients (CO), Cascade-Siskiyou (OR), Hanford Reach (WA), Ironwood Forest Grand Canyon-Parashant, Agua Fria (AZ), Grand Sequoi, CA Coastal. Expanded Pinnacle national monument in CA.  
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