Anatomical Terms/Bone
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| appendicular skeleton | bones of shoulder, pelvis, & upper/lower extremities
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| axial skeleton | bones of skull, vertebral column, chest and hyoid bone (u-shaped bone lying at base of tongue)
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| bone | specialized connective tissue composed of osteocytes (bone cells) forming the skeleton
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| compact bone | type of bone tissue; tightly solid, strong bone tissue resistant to bending
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| spongy (cancellous) bone | type of bone tissue; mesh-like bone tissue containing morrow and fine branching canals through which blood vessels run
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| long bones | bone classification; bones of arms and legs
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| short bones | bone classification; bones of wrist and ankles
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| flat bones | bone classification; bones of ribs, shoulder blads, pelvis, and skull
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| irregular bones | bone classification; bones of vertebrae and face
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| sesamoid bones | bone classification; round bones that are found near joints (e.g. patella)
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| epiphysis | parts of long bone; wide ends of a long bone (physis = growth)
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| diaphysis | parts of long bone; shaft of a long bone
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| metaphysis | parts of long bone; growth zone between epiphysis and diaphysis during development of a long bone
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| endosteum | parts of long bone; membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone
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| medullary cavity | parts of long bone; cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow
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| >> bone marrow | soft connective tissue within the medullary cavities of bones
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| >>red bone marrow | found in cavities of most bones in infants; functions in formation of red blood cells, some white blood cells and platelets; in adults, red bone marrow is found most often in the flat bones
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| >>yellow bone marrow | gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones, functions as storage for fat tissue, and is inactive in formation of blood cells
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| periosteum | parts of long bone; a fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone
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| articular cartilage | parts of long bone; a gristle-like substance found on bones where they articulate
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