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| capillary-to-fiber ratio | the number of capillaries per muscle fiber. This increases with exercise training |
| cardiorespiratory endurance | the capacity of the body to sustain prolonged exercise |
| cross-training | training regime with contains both cardio and resistance training or a regime which combines multiple types of sport-specific workouts |
| heart rate recovery period | the length of time, after an exercise bout, it takes for the heart to resume a resting pulse rate |
| nonresponders | the name given to individuals participating in a controlled experimental study who show no resulting improvement/changes |
| oxygen transport system | the name given to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems combined |
| responders | the name given to individuals participating in a controlled experimental study who show resulting improvement/changes |
| specificity of training | a exercise training technique which focuses on improvement of sport specific components which closely mimics the specific end athletic activity |
| arterial-venous oxygen difference (a-vO2 diff) | the measurement of the amount of oxygen extracted by the body from the blood as measured fully-oxygenated blood immediately entering the atrium artery versus the oxygen-depleted blood entering the right atrium |
| Body build | one of three form/structure characteristics of the body classified as muscularity, linearity or fatness |
| Body composition | chemical makeup of the body. |
| Body size | height and mass of the body |
| Chronic fatigue syndrome | measurable declined athletic performance lastly months to years usually associated with weight loss and poor diet |
| Densitometry | a technique for measuring the body’s density |
| Fat-free mass | the human body mass minus the fat mass |
| Fat mass | human bodies’ mass derived from fat |
| Hydrostatic weighing | – the process of measuring the body weight while submerged in water whose result can determine the body volume |
| Lean body mass | the term applied to the human bodies’ mass summed from the fat-free mass plus the addition of a predicted essential fat needed for survival |
| Relative body fat | the ratio of a bodies’ fat versus the bodies’ total mass. |
| Skin fold fat thickness | a low cost, field measurement method used to help estimate body density |
