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If your not sure what answer should be entered, press the space bar and the next missing letter will be displayed. When you are all done, you should look back over all your answers and review the ones in red. These ones in red are the ones which you needed help on. Question: 4b/5b Answer: An scheme 4B/5B uses 5-bit symbols and codes to represent 4 bits of data. 4B/5B is used in 100Base-tx ethernet. Question: ACK Answer: a 1-bit flag in the tcp header that indicates the field is valid. Question: Answer: a notification sent from one device to another to confirm that some event has occured. Question: number Answer: a 32-bit field in the tcp segment header that specifies the sequence number of the next byte this host expects to as a part of the TCP session. It is used to recognize lost packets and flow control Question: pool Answer: the range of ip addresses that can be by the DHCP server. Question: Address protocol Answer: the method of for a host's hardware address from its IPv4 network layer address. Question: scoped address Answer: an IPv4 address that is restricted to a local group or organization Question: AND Answer: one of the three binary logic operations. ANDing yields the following result: 1 and 1 = 1 Question: argument Answer: additional data that is provided with a command to provide information used by the execution of the command. IOS arguments are entered at the CLI after the command Question: ARP Answer: a storage in the host's RAM to store ARP entries Question: ARP Answer: a technique used to attack an ethernet network by sending fake ARP messages to an ethernet LAN. These contain false MAC addresses that confuse network devices Question: ARP Answer: a logical storage in a host's RAM to arp entries. Question: identity AID Answer: a number used in the 802.11 header to specify the session between a client and the access point. Question: Answer: communication that does not use a clock between the sender and receiver. To maintain timing Question: attenuation Answer: the loss of communication signal on the media. This loss is due to degradation of the wave over time. Question: Answer: a process used to the identity of a person or process Question: Answer: a of information that is highly reliable and known for its accuracy Question: backoff Answer: the retransmission delay used with CSMA/CD when a collision occurs. The algorithm forces each sender that detected the collisions to delay a random amount of time before attempting to . Question: bandwidth Answer: In Question: best Answer: network protocols or technologies that do not use the acknowledgment system to reliable delivery of information Question: binary Answer: a system characterized by 1 and 0 Question: bit Answer: binary digit used in the binary numbering system. Binary digits are units of information and communication in computing. Each bit can be either a 0 or a 1. Question: bit time Answer: the time required to send a single bit over some transmission medium. The time can be at 1/speed Question: Answer: a device that connects multiple network segments at the data link layer of the OSI . Bridges were the predecessor to LAN switches. Question: bridge Answer: the table used by a switch or bridge that associates MAC addresses with the port. The switch or bridge uses this table for its forwarding/filtering decisions. Question: bridging Answer: the process of forwarding frames in a switch or a bridge from one port to port or from segment to segment Question: Answer: a form of transmission where one device transmits to all devices within the or on another network Question: broadcast Answer: an address used to represent a transmission from one device to all devices. In Question: domain Answer: a logical network composed of all the computers and networking devices that can be reached by sending a frame to the data link layer address. Question: burned in Answer: the MAC address that is permanently assigned to a LAN interface or NIC. It is called burned-in the address is burned into a chip on the card Question: cache Answer: a temporary storage where data that has been retrieved or calculated and is frequently can be stored. After the data is stored in the cache Question: carrier Answer: a signal on a medium used to support the transmission of data. Data is over the medium by modulation. Question: carrier sense access (CSMA) Answer: media access methodology in which a node wishing to transmit listens for a carrier wave before to send. If a carrier is sensed Question: carrier sense multiple access collision (CSMA/CD) Answer: The MAC algorithm used by ethernet devices in a shared media. The protocol requires a node wishing to transmit to listen for a carrier before trying to send. If a carrier is sensed Question: Answer: a communication path over a used to transport information from a sender to a receiver. Multiple channels can be multiplexed over a single cable Question: channel service unit/data unit Answer: a device that connects to a local digital telephone loop for a WAN circuit to a serial interface on a network Question: classful Answer: a unicast IP address that is considered to have parts: a network part Question: addressing Answer: an IPV4 addressing scheme that uses a subnet mask that does not follow classful addressing limitations. It provides increased flexibility when dividing ranges of IP into separate networks. Classless addressing is considered the best in current n Question: Answer: a network device that accesses a service on another computer by accessing the network. Question: cloud Answer: In Question: code Answer: a of code that meets a certain Question: collaborative Answer: Information systems that allow the of a document or documents that can be edited by more than one person in real time Question: Answer: In ethernet Question: collision Answer: a physical or a logical area in a LAN where the signals sent by the interfaces ma be subject o being combined. Within a collision Question: connection Answer: communication where the sender and must prearrange for communications to occur; otherwise Question: connectionless Answer: any communication in which the sender and receiver do not prearrange for communications to Question: port Answer: a port on cisco devices to which a terminal or computer with a terminal emulator is to the network device in order to communicate and configure the network device Question: data Answer: data that directs a process. a flag in a data-link is an example of control data. Question: Answer: another form of the root word in the phrase converged network. This kind of network aggregates various forms of traffic such as voice Question: cyclic check Answer: a type of hash function that is used to produce a Question: Answer: a computer program that runs in the background and is usually initiated as a . Daemons often support server processes. Question: data communications Answer: the devices and connections of a communications network that comprise the network end of the user to interface. The DCE provides a physical connection to the network Question: data equipment Answer: devices at the user end of a user-network interface that as a data source Question: decapsulation Answer: a by which an end device Question: gateway Answer: a device on a network that serves as an access point to other networks. A default gateway is used by a host to forward IP packets that have destination addresses the local subnet. A router interface typically is used as the default gateway. When t Question: default Answer: Routing table entry that is used to direct frames for which a next hop is not explicitly listed in the routing table. This route is used to forward a when no other known route exists for a give packet's destination address. Question: delimiter Answer: this of a frame signals the beginning or end of a frame. Question: destination IP Answer: the layer 3 address to which the data is . Question: deterministic Answer: refers to whether the performance of a Question: digital Answer: also known as boolean algebra. These consist of the AND OR and IF Question: directed Answer: a term that describes IPv4 packets sent to all hosts in a particular network. In a broadcast Question: directly connected Answer: a network that is connected to a device's . For example networks that interface with the router are known to be directly connected. Devices learn their initial IP routes based on being connected to these subnets. Question: dispersion Answer: the spreading of light signal caused by light signals traveling at different through a fiber. Question: Answer: a method of computer processing in which different parts of a program run simultaneously on two or more computers that are with each other over a network Question: dns Answer: the client part of the DNS server mechanism. A DNS resolver creates queries sent a across a network to a same server Question: name Answer: a Question: name system Answer: an internet wide system by which a hierarchical set of DNS servers hold all the name IP address mappings Question: decimal Answer: a convention for writing IP addresses with four decimal Question: download Answer: to transfer data from the computer functioning as a server to the computer you are using. Question: dynamic host protocol Answer: a protocol used to dynamically assign IP configurations to hosts. The services defined by the protocol are used to request and assign an IP Question: or private ports Answer: TCP or UDP that range from 49152 to 65535 and are not used by any defined server applications. Question: dynamic Answer: routing that adjusts automatically to network topology or changes. Question: electromagnetic Answer: interface by magnetic signals caused by the flow of electricity. EMI can cause reduced data integrity and increased error rates on channels. The physics of this process are that electrical current creates magnetic fields Question: password Answer: password used to allow access to privledge EXEC mode from IOS user EXEC mode. Question: encapsulation Answer: the process by which a device adds networking and trailers to data from an application for the eventual transmission of the data onto a transmission medium. Question: Answer: to change the energy levels transmitted over some networking to transmit bits over that medium. Question: Answer: the process of information to make it unreadable without special knowledge Question: end Answer: a such as a desktop or mobile device that is used by an end user. Question: PHY Answer: the physical interface . It deals with Layer 1 (the physical layer Question: star Answer: a topology characterized by a central location connected to multiple hubs. In an extended star Question: extranet Answer: part of a company's intranet that is to users outside the company Question: fast Answer: a name for ethernet technology that operates at 100 mbps. Question: fault Answer: the design on networks that can continue to without interruption in the case of hardware Question: fiber-optic Answer: physical medium that uses glass or plastic threads to transmit data. A fiber-optic consists of a bundle of these threads Question: fiber Answer: the glass fibers inside cables over which light is transmitted to encode 0 and 1 Question: Answer: in ethernet Question: FIN Answer: a 1-bit field in the TCP that is used by a device that wants to terminate its session with the other device. This is done by inserting the FIN flag in the flag field found in the TCP segment Question: firewall Answer: any combination of hardware device and/or software application to protect network devices from outside network users and/or malicious applications and files. Question: Answer: a removable component that has space for storage. Used on the router or switch for storing the compressed operating system image. Question: Answer: a process used by a switch or bridge to forward broadcasts and unknown destination . The bridge/switch forwards these frames out all ports except the port on which the frame was received. Question: flow Answer: the management of data flow between devices in a . It is used to avoid too much data arriving before a device can handle it Question: Answer: In ethernet Question: Answer: the dividing of IP to meet the MTU requirement of a layer 2 protocol. Question: frame Answer: the layer 2 pdu that has been encoded by a data link layer protocol for digital transmission. Some different of frames are ethernet frames and PPP frames. Question: full Answer: communication that allows receipt and transmission . A station can transmit and receive at the same time. There are no collisions with full-duplex ethernet transmision. Question: gateway Answer: Question: ethernet Answer: that transmits data at 1 Question: configuration mod Answer: from the priviledged Question: scoped addresses Answer: unique that are public domain addresses. Question: Answer: application-level throughput. It is the number of useful bits per unit of time from a source address to a certain destination Question: half Answer: communication that only allows one station to receive while the other is transmitting Question: addressing Answer: an addressing in which a network is partitioned into sections Question: high-order bit Answer: the of a binary number that carries the most weight Question: hop Answer: the passage of a data packet between two network . Question: host Answer: a network device that has an IPv4 assigned to it to communication over a network. Question: host Answer: IPv4 address of a network host. When talking about host Question: host Answer: a defined by a class D address (multicast Question: hub Answer: In Question: fiber-coax Answer: a network that incorporates both optical fiber along with coaxial cable to create a broadband network. commonly used by cable tv . Question: transfer protocol Answer: the commands Question: messaging Answer: real-time communication between two or more through text. The text is conveyed through computers connected over a network such as the internet. files can also be transferred through the IM program to share files. Question: Institute of Electrical and Engineers Answer: An Question: spacing Answer: a time period between ethernet frames that allows fairness with the CSMA/CD algorithm. Without a space between in other words Question: device Answer: a device that connects end devices to the network or interconnects different networks. A router is an of an intermediary device. Question: Organization for Standardization Answer: An international standards body that defines many standards. Also Question: Answer: The network that combines enterprise Question: Assigned Numbers Authority Answer: An organization that assigns the numbers important to the operation of the TCP/IP protocol and the Internet Question: backbone Answer: a high-speed line or series of connections that forms a major pathway within a network. The term is often used to describe the main connections comprising the Internet. Question: Internet control message Answer: As part of the TCP/IP internet Question: Internet Task Force Answer: The standards body responsible for the and approval of TCP/IP standards Question: service provider Answer: A company that helps create the Internet by providing connectivity to and individuals Question: Answer: a combination of many IP subnets and Question: Interpret as Answer: In the telnet Question: intranet Answer: a corporate system such as a website that is explicitly used by employees. Can be assessed internally or remotely Question: IP Answer: Network layer in the TCP/IP stack offering a connectionless internetwork service. IP provides features for addressing Question: IP Answer: a 32-bit Question: IP header Answer: the header defined by the IP. Used to create IP by encapsulating data supplied by higher-layer protocol (such as TCP) behind an IP header. Question: jam Answer: in a media ethernet network Question: keyword Answer: Used in the CLI following the command. Keywords are parameters that are used with the command from a set of values. Question: kilobits per Answer: a unit of measurement of the of times 1000 bits can be transmitted in 1 second. 1 kbps = 1000bps Question: latency Answer: the time that passes while some event . In networking Question: model Answer: a model that consists of various that enable the development and explanation of technology to be done on a modular basis. This allows interoperability among different technologies among the different layers. Question: limited Answer: a that is sent to a specific network or series of networks. Question: limited scope Answer: An IPv4 multicast address that is restricted to a local group or . Question: link-local Answer: an IPv4 address in the range of 169.254.1.0 to 169.254.254.255. Communication using these addresses is used with a ttl of 1 and limited to the network Question: area network Answer: a created for devices located in a limited geographic area Question: locally administered Answer: a MAC that can be configured on a device. The LAA can be used in place of the BIA . This means that you can replace a NIC or use a substitute device without changing the address used by the network to access the station. Question: link control Answer: the IEEE 802.2 standard that defines the upper sublayer of the Ethernet 2 specifications. Question: logical Answer: a group of devices associated by the arrangement of a hierarchial scheme. Devices in the same logical network that share a common network portion of their Layer 3 addresses. Question: logical Answer: a map of the devices on a network representing how the devices communcate with each . Question: Answer: a reserved IPv4 address Question: low-order bit Answer: Represents the 0 in the number. In an IP subnet mask Question: MAC Answer: on a Question: Mail user Answer: program used to download and send email. Email clients use POP3 to receive emails and use SMTP to send emails. Also an email client Question: manchester Answer: line code in each bit of data is signified by at least one voltage level transition. Question: transmission unit Answer: the largest IP packet size allowed to be sent out a particular . Ethernet interfaces default to an MTU of 1500 because the data field of an Ethernet frame should be limited to 1500 bytes Question: access control Answer: the lower of the two sublayers of the IEEE standard for ethernet. It is also the name of that Question: independent Answer: the networking layers whose processes are not affected by the media being used. In Question: media-dependent (MDI) Answer: The normal operation of ports on a hub. In this mode Question: -dependent interface crossover Answer: MDIX is an alternative operation of ethernet ports on a hub. In this Question: metropolitan-area Answer: a network with a geographic size between a LAN and a WAN. Typically used by service providers to a highspeed network in a major metropolitan area where many customers might want high speed services between large sites around a city. Question: most bit Answer: the bit in a binary number having the greatest value. The most significant bit is sometime referred to as the leftmost bit. Question: multicast Answer: a member of a multicast group. Every multicast client in each group has the same IP address. Multicast begin with 224.*.*.* and end with 239.*.*.* Question: multicast Answer: a group that receives a multicast transmission. The members of a multicast group have the same IP addressing to receive the same transmission. Question: multiplexing Answer: a process where multiple data streams are combined into one signal. Question: network Answer: 1.collection of Question: network Answer: a decimal number defined by the IPv4 protocol to represent a network or subnet. It represents the network that hosts reside in. Also called a network number or network ID. Question: Network translation (NAT) Answer: translation RFC 1918 addresses to public domain addresses. RFC 1918 addresses are not routerd on the Internet Question: baseline Answer: a collection of data that establishes a reference for network performance and behavior over a period of time. This reference data is used in the to assess the health and relative growth of network utilization. Question: network card Answer: computer Question: segment Answer: a part of a computer network that every device communicates with the same physical medium. Network segments are extended by hubs or repeaters. Question: time protocol Answer: a protocol for synchronizing the of computer systems over packet-switch data networks. NTP uses UDP port 123 as its transport layer. Question: node Answer: data link layer term describing a device connected to a . Question: Answer: In networking Question: to zero Answer: line code in 1s are represented by one significant condition and 0s are represented by another. Question: RAM (NVRAM) Answer: random-access that does not lose its contents when the computer is shut down Question: nslookup Answer: a or a program to look up information in the DNS Question: octet Answer: a of 8 binary bits. It is similar to Question: Open interconnection Answer: International standardization program created by ISO and ITU-T to standards for data networking that facilitate multivendor equipment interoperability Question: Optical time reflectometer Answer: a popular certification for fiber systems. The OTDR injects light into the fiber and then graphically displays the results of the detected reflected light. The OTDR measures the elapsed transit time of reflected light to calculate the distance to d Question: Organizational Identifier Answer: The first half of a MAC . Manufactures must ensure that the value of the OUI has been registered with the IEEE. This value identifies the manufacturer of any Ethernet NIC or interface. Question: overhead Answer: resources used to manage or operate the network. Overhead consumes bandwidth and reduces the amount of application data that can be across the network. Question: Answer: when used Question: Tracer Answer: a drag-and-drop network simulator developed by Cisco to Question: Pad Answer: a part of the ethernet frame that fills in the data to ensure that the data field meets the minimum size requirement of 46 bytes. Question: peer Answer: a host or node that in some form of a group. For example Question: address Answer: a data link address Question: media Answer: the cabling and connectors used to the network devices. Question: physical Answer: the connection of devices on a common . Sometimes a physical network is also referred to as a network segment. Question: physical Answer: the arrangement of the nodes in a network and the physical between them. This is the representation of how the media is used to connect the devices. Question: ping Answer: a scanning technique used to identify which host IP addresses are operational. Question: pinout Answer: defines which wires in a cable should to each pin on the connectors on both ends of a cable. For example Question: plug-in Answer: In a web Question: port Answer: In Question: positional Answer: somtimes called -value notation Question: post protocol Answer: a protocol that a computer to retrieve email from a server. Question: length Answer: in IP Question: queing Answer: a routing feature in frames in an interface output queue are prioritized based on various characteristics such as packet size and interface type. Question: prviate Answer: in RFC 1918 Question: Answer: a written specification that defines what a service or device should perform. Each protocol defines messages Question: data unit Answer: a generic term from OSI that to the data Question: suite Answer: a delineation of protocols and standards into different categories Question: arp Answer: a process that uses the same ARP messages as a ARP Question: PSH Answer: a 1-bit flag in the TCP header that is used to request to the higher for immediate delivery of the packet. Question: public Answer: an IP address that has been with IANA or one of its member agencies Question: pulse modulation Answer: a form of signal modulation where the message information is encoded in the amplitude of series of signal pulses. It transmits data by varying the of the individual pulses. This is now obsolete and has been replaced by pulse code modulation Question: quality of Answer: a control mechanism that can different priorities to different users or data flows Question: Answer: a request for information. Queries are answered with . Question: radio frequency Answer: radio that creat noise that interferes with information being transmitted across unshielded copper cabling. Question: radix Answer: the number of unique digits Question: redundancy Answer: a network architecture designed to eliminate network cause by a single point of failure. Question: Regional Internet Answer: organizations that are responsible for the allocation and registration of Internet number resources within a particular region of the world. These registries include the American Registry for Internet Number for North America; RIPE coordination ce Question: registered Answer: values between 1024 and 49 Question: Requests for Answer: a series of documents and encompassing new research Question: reserved link-local Answer: the IPv4 addresses 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255. These addresses are to be used for multicast groups on a local network. Packets to these destinations are always transmitted with a TTTL value of 1 Question: records Answer: DNS data records. Their precise format is in RFC 1035. The most important fields in a resource record are Name Question: RJ-45 Answer: a rectangular connector with eight pins Question: -trip time Answer: the time for some network pdu's to be sent and received Question: Answer: path through an through which packets are forwarded. Question: router Answer: a device Question: routing Answer: the process by which a router receives an frame Question: protocol Answer: a protocol used between routers so that they can learn to add to their routing tables. Question: table Answer: a list of router holds in memory for the purpose of how to forward packets. Question: RST Answer: a 1-bit flag in the TCP header that is used to that a connection be re-established. Question: runt Answer: an ethernet frame that is less than 64 bytes in size. Runts are caused by collisions and are also know as fragments Question: Answer: the ability of a protocol. system or component to be to fit a new need. Question: Answer: a plan Question: Answer: the extent of a certain item. For Question: Answer: 1. a collision that is a section of a LAN that is bound by bridges Question: segmentation Answer: In Question: selective Answer: the forwarding of packets where the forwarding decision is dynamically Question: server Answer: can refer to hardware that is to be used by multiple concurrent users. Alternatively Question: server block Answer: an application level protocl mainly applied to shared access to files Question: Answer: a related set of communications between two or more network devices. Question: shielded twisted pair Answer: a type of cabling that includes twisted-pair wires Question: signal Answer: the optical or electrical on a physical medium for purposes of communication. Question: smtp Answer: an application protocol typically not used by end users. Question: single point of Answer: a system of design characterized by one or more major components that are required to maintain operation. Question: format Answer: a method of expressing a network prefix. It uses a forward / followed by the network prefix. Question: slot time Answer: the minimum time a NIC or can take to send an entire frame. Slot time Question: Answer: the origin of the PDU. This can be a a host or a node Question: source IP Answer: the IP address of the originating host that is into the IP packet header. Question: standards Answer: an internationally recognized of technical specifications that ensure worldwide consistency. Question: static Answer: an entry in an IP routing table that was created because a network engineer the routing information into the router's configuration. Question: store and Answer: a method of internal processing by LAN switches. The switch must receive the entire frame before it the first bit of the frame. Store and forward switch is the method used by cisco switches. Question: subnet Answer: a group of IP addresses that have the same value in the first part of the IP Question: mask Answer: a dotted number that helps identify the structure of IP addresses. The mask represents the network and subnet parts of related IP addresses with binary 1s and the host part of related IP addresses with binary 0s Question: switch Answer: In ethernet a layer 2 device that receives an electrical signal in one Question: switch Answer: the table used by a switch that associates MAC addresses with the outgoing port. A general term for the that a LAN bridge uses for its forwarding/filtering decisions. The table holds a list of MAC addresses and the port out which the bridge should f Question: symmetric Answer: In LAN switches a reference to cases in which a is forwarded Question: SYN Answer: a 1-bt flag in the TCP header used to indicate the initial value of the sequence number. The SYN flag is only set in the two segments of the three-way TCP connection establishment sequence. Question: synchronous Answer: Communication that uses a common clocking signal. In most synchronous Question: Answer: the structure and of words in a computer language Question: TCP Answer: a layer 4 protocl of TCP/IP Question: TCP/IP Answer: a network model defined by the IETF that has been implemented on most and network device in the world. Question: test-net Answer: the IPv4 address block 192.0.2.0 to 192.0.2.255 that is set for teaching and learning purposes. These addresses can be used in documentation and network examples. Question: Answer: a common term for ethernet Question: Answer: a term for 10base2 ethernet Question: Answer: the data transfer rate between two computers at some point in time. Throughput is impacted by the slowest-speed link used to send data between the two computers Question: Time to live Answer: a field in the IP header that prevents a packet form indefinitely looping around an IP internetwork. Router decrements the TTL field each time they forward a Question: passing Answer: an access method used with some LAN by which devices access the media in a controlled manner. This access to the LAN is managed using a small frame called a toke. A device can send only when it has claimed the use of the token. Question: tracert Answer: a command on many operating systems that discovers the IP addresses Question: bridging Answer: the learning of source addresses on frames and adding them to the bridging table. After the table has been completed and when a frame is received on one of the bridge's interfaces Question: twisted-pair Answer: a general type of Question: URG Answer: a 1-bit flag in the TCP header used to indicate that the host should notify the destination process to do urgent processing. Question: user mode Answer: the limited CLI mode where the commands available to the user are a of those available at the privileged level. In general Question: circuit Answer: a logical connection between devices in which the are passed between the devices. Virtual circuits are independent of the physical structure and may be established through multiple physical devices. Question: local area network Answer: a of computers that behave as if they are connected to the same network segment Question: virtual line Answer: the reference to text based logical interfaces on an ios device. These are accesses using or ssh to perform administrative tasks. VTY lines are also called virtual type terminal. Question: well ports Answer: used by tcp or Question: size Answer: as filed in the TCP header that is set in a sent |
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