| Question | Answer |
| name the four chambers of the heart | 2 superior atria & 2 inferior ventricles |
| AV | atrioventricular valves, located between the atrial & ventricular chamber son each side, prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles are contracting |
| myocardium | cardiac muscle that the walls of the heart are composed primarily of, it is reinforced internally by a dense fibrous connective tissue network |
| fibrous skeleton of the heart | is the network that is more elaborate & thicker in certain areas, Ex. around valves & at the base of the great vessels leaving the heart |
| chordae tendineae | tiny white collagenic cords (heart strings) anchor the cusps to the ventricular walls |
| papillary muscles | project from the myocardial wall that create the chordae tendineae |
| pericarditis | inflamation of the pericardium, causes painful adhesions between the serous pericarial layers (interferes with heart movements |
| pulmonary & aortic semilunar valves | 2nd set of valves, composed of 3 pocketlike cusps, gauards the bases of the 2 lg arteries leaving the ventriclular chambers |
| blood flows into the atria under ____ from the ___ | low pressure; veins of the body |
| pericardium | encloses the heart within a double-walled fibroserous sac |
| pulmonary trunk | (recives blood fr. R ventricle), then it routes blood to the lungs to be oxygenated |
| the R atrium receives _____ from the body via the __ & __ | relatively oxygen-poor blood, via superior & inferior venae cavae & the coronary sinus |
| aorta | recives discharged blood from L ventrcle, all systemic arteries of the body diverge to supply the body tissues |
| visceral pericardium | epicardium- is thin; closely applied to the heart muscle, reflects downward at the base of the heart to form its compaion serous membrane |
| it is flanked ___ by the lungs, ____ by the vertebral column, & ____ by the sternum | laterally by the lungs, posteriorly by the vertebral column, & anteriorly by the sternum |
| pulmonary circulation | R side, pump, shunting the carbon dioxide- rich blood entering its chambers to the lungs to unloade CO & pick of O, back to the L side |
| fibrous pericardium | (loosely fitting, superficial), composed of dense connective tissue, lined by the serous parietal pericardium |
| where is the heart located | within the mediastinum, or medial vacity of the thorax |
| mitral | bicuspid valve, two cusps(flaps) of endocardium (L AV ) |
| interatrial | (interventricular septum); septum that divides the heart longitudinally |
| diastole | period of ventricular filling |
| systole | ventricles contract & compress the blood into their chambers |
| endocardium | lines the chambers, thin serous endothelium |
| systemic circulation | carries O-rich blood fr. L heart through body tissues & back to R heart (supplies functional blood supply to all body tissues |
| parietal pericardium | outer, looser, attached at the heart apex to the diaphragm |
| what do the inferior thick-walled ventricles do? | form the bulk of the heart & are the discharging chambers (force blood out of the heart into the large arteries that emerge from its base) |
| tricuspid valve | R AV; 3 cusps |
| what do the 4 pulmonary veins do? | deliver oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium |
| ventricular activity | refers to discussions of the heart's pumping action |
