| Generic | Brand | Common Dose | Therapeutic Class | Common Indications | Absolute Contraindiations | Side Effects |
| Ceftriaxone | Rocephin | IM/IV: 1-2g SID-BID | Antibiotic, Cephalosporin, Third Generation | Treat bacterial infections, Sx prophylaxis | Hypersensitivity to it, other cephalosporins, hyperbilirubinemic neonates (esp. premature), concomitant use with IV Ca2+ solutions in neonates | D/V, S-J syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, hemolytic anemia, transient increased liver enzymes, immune hypersensitivity rxn, reversible disorder of gallbladder, kernicterus of newborn, kidney or lung finding |
| Cefazolin | Ancef, Kefzol | IM/IV: 1-1.5g q8 hrs, max 12g/day | Antibiotic, Cephalosporin, First Generation | Treat bacterial infections | Hypersensitivity to it, other cephalosporins | Diarrhea, anaphylaxis, S-J syndrome, hepatotoxicity, seizure, pruritus, drug-induced eosinophilia, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, encephalopathy |
| Acyclovir | Zovirax | Oral: 200-800mg q4 hrs x 5 days-12 months; IV: 5-10mg/kg/dose q8hrs x 5-7 days; Topical: q3 hrs x 7 days | Antiviral agent, Topical | Treatment of HSV (genital), cold sores, herpes zoster (shingles) varicella zoster (chicken pox), HSV encephalitis, neonatal, mucocutaneous | Hypersensitivity to it or valacyclovir | N/V/D, application site rxn, contact dermatitis, S-J syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, headache, malaise, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, renal failure |
| Oxycodone | Oxycontin, Roxicodone | 5-20mg q4-6 hrs prn; CR: 10mg q12 hrs | Analgesic, Opioid | Management of moderate to severe pain, normally used in combination with nonopioid analgesics | Hypersensitivity to it, acute/ severe asthma, hypercapnia, severe respiratory depression, paralytic ileus | N/V, pruritus, sweating, constipation, xerostomia, asthenia, dizziness, somnolence, cardiac arrest, heart failure, hypotension, shock, immune hypersensitivity rxn, apnea, resppiratory arrest, respiratory depression |
| Doxycycline | Adoxa, Doryx, Monodox, Oracea, Vibramycin | 100-200mg/day SID-BID | Antibiotic, Tetracycline derivative | Treat bacterial infections, acne | Hypersensitivity to it, other tetracyclines | Photosensitivity, drug-induced GI disturbance, elevated serum blood urea nitrogen, bulging fontanelle |
| Brinzolamide (eye drops) | Azopt | 1 gtt in affected eye TID | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, Opthalmic, Antiglaucoma | Lowers intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma | Hypersensitivity to it or sulfonamides | Headache, blurred vision, bitter taste in mouth, chest pain, immune hypersensitivity rxn |
| Vancomycin | Vancocin | Oral: 500-2000mg/day q6 hrs; IV: 2-3g/day q8-12 hrs | Glycopeptide | Treat bacterial infections | Hypersensitivity to it, use in patients with previous hearing loss from the medicine | N/V, anaphylaxis, drug-induced erythroderma, neutropenia, drug hypersensitivity syndrome, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, thrombocytopenia |
| Moxifloxacin | Avelox, Vigamox | 400mg q24 hrs x 4-14 days; Ophthalmic: 1 gtt/eye TID x 7 days | Antibiotic, Quinolone, Ophthalmic, Resiratory Fluoroquinolone | Treat bacterial infections | Hypersensitivity to it, other quinolones | N/V/D, anaphylaxis, S-J syndrome, tendinitis, tendon rupture, anemia, cardiac problems, dry eyes |
| Fexofenadine | Allegra | 60mg BID or 180mg SID | Histamine H1 antagonist, Second generation, Piperidine derivative | Relief of symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis, treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria, OTC labeling, relief of symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis | Hypersensitivity to it | Indigestion, dizziness, headache, somnolence, otitis media, dysmenorrhea, upper respiratory infection, fatigue, viral disease, cold, influenza |
| Oseltamivir | Tamiflu | Prophylaxis: 74mg SID x 10 days; Treatment: 75mg BID x 5 days | Antiviral agent, Neuraminidase inhibitor | Treatment of acute illness, influenza A or B synptoms ≤ 2 days ≥ 1 year old, prophylaxis | Hypersensitivity to it | N/V, anaphylaxis, S-J syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, facial swelling, abdominal pain, GI hemorrhage, hemorrhagic colitis, hepatitis, seizure, abnormal behavior, delirium |
| Nitrofurantoin | Furadantin, Macrobid, Macrodantin | 50-100mg q6 hrs x 7 days; Macrobid 100mg BID x 7 days | Antibiotic, Msc | Treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) | Hypersensitivity to it, renal imairment, < 1 month of age, pregnancy 38-42 weeks, previous Hx of cholestatic jaundice or hepatic impairment, Beers criteria | N/V, hemolytic anemia, loss of appetite, cholestatic jaundice, hepatic necrosis, hepatitis, drug hypersensitivity syndrome, immune hypersensitivity rxn, interstitial lung dz, pulmonary fibrosis and toxicity, neuropathy |
| Famotidine | Pepcid, Heartburn relief | Acute: 40mg hs, 20mg BID x 4-8 weeks; Maintenance: 20mg hs, up to 160mg q6 hrs; Children: 0.5mg/kg/day po, divided BID, max 40mg/day or BID depending on situation; OTC: > 12 yrs old | Histamine H2 antagonist | Maintenance therapy and treatment of duodenal ulcer; treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), active benign gastric ulcer, pathological hypersecretory conditions | Hypersensitivity to it or other H2 antagonists | Anaphylaxis, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, S-J syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, necrotizing enterocolitis in fetus or newborn, angioedema, seizure, interstitial pneumonia, nosocomial pneumonia |
| Tiotropium (Handihaler) | Spiriva | 1 capsule inhaled SID (two inhalations) | Anticholinergic agent | Maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with COPD, including bronchitis and emphysema; reduction of COPD exacerbations | Hypersensitivity to it or ipratropium | Constipation, xerostomia, pharyngitis, sinusitis, UR infection, bowel obstruction, cerebrovascular accident |
| Tolterodine | Detrol | 1-2mg BID; ER: 2-4mg SID | Anticholinergic agent | Treatment of patients with overactive bladder with symptoms of urinary frequency, urgency, or urge incontinence | Hypersensitivity to it, urinary retention, gastric retention, uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma | Anaphylaxis, constipation, xerostomia, headache, angioedema, dementia, memory impairment |
| Naproxen | Aleve, Midol [Extended Relief], Pamprin | Initial dose of 500mg, then 250mg q6-8 hrs, max 1.25g/day | NSAID | Treatment of mild to moderate pain, management of ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid disorders, acute gout, tendonitis, bursitis, dysmenorrhea, fever | Hypersensitivity to it, other NSAIDs, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) Sx pain | Rash, S-J syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, edema, abd. pain, constpiation, heartburn, anemia, hepatitis, liver failure, jaundice, acute renal failure, nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, congestive heart failure, GI problems |
| Aspirin | Bayer, Ecotrin, St. Joseph's | Initially 2.4-3.6g/day, max 5.4g/day; 325-650mg q4-6 hrs, max 4g/day | Antiplatelet agent, Salicylate (NSAID warnings) | Treatment of mild to moderate pain, inflammation, fever; Prevention/treatment of myocardial infarction, stroke, management of rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever, osteoarthritis, gout (in high doses), heart Sx | Hypersensitivity to it, other salicylates and NSAIDs, asthma, rhinitis, nasal polyps, bleeding disorders, children < 16 yrs of age, pregnancy (esp. 3rd trimester) | GI ulcer, bleeding, tinnitus, bronchospasm, angioedema, Reye's syndrome |
| Montelukast | Singulair | 10mg SID, 2 hrs before exercise; 2-5 yrs of age use 4mg SID, 6-14 yrs use 5mg SID | Leukotriene receptor agonist | Prophylactic and chronic treatment of asthma, relief of symptoms of seasonal and perrenial allergic rhinitis, prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm | Hypersensitivity to it | Headache, allergic granulomatous angiitis, cholestatic hepatitis, aggressive or altered behavior, suicidal thoughts |
| Butalbital, Acetaminophen, & Caffeine | Alagesis, Anolor, Dolgic, Esgic, Fioricet, Margesic, Orbian, Repan, Zebutal | 1-2 tab/cap or 15-30mL q4 hrs, max 6 tabs/caps/180mL | Barbiturate | Relief of the symptomatic complex of tension or muscle contraction headache | Hypersensitivity to it, porphyria | N/V, abdominal pain, dizziness, sedation, somnolence, lightheadedness, dyspnea, erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, seizure |
| Chlorpheniramine | Ahist, Allerchlor, Chlorhist, Chlorphen, Teldrin | 4mg q4-6 hrs, max 24mg/day | Histamine H1 antagonist, first generation | Perennial and seasonal allergies | Hypersensitivity to it, narrow angle glaucoma, bladder neck obstruction, acute asthmatic attacks, premature/term newborns (associated with SIDS), Beers Criteria | N/V/D, constipation, somnolence |
| Calcium Carbonate | Alcalak, Alka-mints, Caltrate, Children's Pepto, Maalox, Florical, Nutralox, Tums, Mylanta | 1-1.2g/day | Antacid, Antidote Calcium salt, Electrolyte supplement, Oral | Antacid, Tx and prevention of Ca2+ deficiency or hyperphosphatemia (osteoporosis, hypoarathyroidism, postmenopausal osteoporosis, rickets), bind phosphate | Hypercalcemia, renal calculi, hypophosphatemia, patients with suspected digoxin toxicity | N/V, headache, hypophosphatemia, hypercalcemia, constpiation, laxative effect, acid rebound, anorexia, abdominal pain, xerostomia, flatulence, milk-alkali syndrome (high chronic dose), renal failure |
| Benzonatate | Tessalon, Zonatuss | 100mg TID-q4 hrs, max 600mg/day | Antitussive | Relief of nonproductive cough | Hypersensitivty to it, related drugs | Nausea, dizziness, headache, sedation, somnolence; If capsules are broken or chewed, numbness of tongue and throat and oral hypoaesthesia may occur |
| Metoclopramide | Metozolv, Reglan | 10-15mg up to QID, Tx > 12 weeks not recommended; Pediatric: 0.1-0.2mg/kg/dose QID, max 5 doses/day po; IV: 1-2mg/kg before chemo & q2-4 hrs | Antiemetic, Gastrointestinal agent, Prokinetic | Oral: symptomatic Tx of diabetic gastroparesis, gastroesophageal reflux; IV/IM: prevention and/or Tx of N/V associated with chemo/post-Sx to stimulate gastric emptying and intestinal transit of Ba during radiological examination of stomach/small intestine | Hypersensitivity to it, GI obstruction/perforation/hemorrhage, pheochromocytoma, Hx of seizures, concomitant use of agents likely to increase extrapyramidal rxns | N/V, edema, asthenia, headache, somnolence, fatigue, neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
| Ibuprofen | Advil, Midol, Motrin | 400-800mg TID-QID, max 3.2g/day | NSAID, Oral, Parenteral | Treatment of mild to moderate pain, inflammatory disease, rheumatoid disorders, dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis | Hypersensitivity to it, Hx of asthma, allergic type rxns to NSAIDs, aspirin triad (bronchial asthma, aspirin intolerance, rhinits), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) Sx pain | Rash, headache, S-J syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, congestive heart failure, hypertension, myocardial infarction, bledding, anemia, heatitis, hepatotoxicity, liver failure, jaundice, acute renal failure, Reye's syndrome, GI problems |
| Sildenafil | Revatio, Viagra | ED: 50mg (25-100) SID 1 hr prior to sexual activity; Hypertension: 20mg TID, 4-6 hrs apart | Phosphodiesterase-5 enzyme inhibitor | Vigra: treatment of erectile dysfunction; Revatio: treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension to improve exercise ability and delay clinical worsening | Hypersensitivity to it, concurrent use of organic nitrates in any form, concurrent use with protease inhibitor regimen when sildenafil is used for pulmonary artery hypertension | Erythema, flushing, indigestion, headache, insomnia, visual disturbance, epistaxis, rhinitis, myocardial infarction, priapism, decreased hearing, hemoglobin sickle cell disease with vaso-occlusive crisis |
| Polyethylene Glycol | Dulcolax balance, Miralax | 17g (approx. 1 heaping Tbsp) dissolved in 4-8oz beverage SID up to 7 days (longer if directed) | Laxative, Osmotic | Treatment of occasional constipation in adults | Hypersensitivity to it | N/D, flatulence, stomach cramps, swollen abdomen |
| Levofloxacin | Levaquin, Quixin, Iquix | 500-750mg SID x3-60 days; 1-2 gtt q30 min-2 hrs x 1-3 days, then 1-2 gtt q1-4 hrs x 4-5 days | Antibiotic, Quinolone, Respiratory Fluoroquinolone | Treat bacterial infections | Hypersensitivity to it, other quinolones | N/V/D, anaphylaxis, S-J syndrome, tendinitis, tendon rupture, anemia, headache, seizure, cardiac problems |
| Penicillin VK | Penicillin V Potassium | 250mg BID, 500mg TID, 2-4g/day QID | Antibiotic, Penicillin | Treat bacterial infections | Hypersensitivity to it | N/V/D, rash, anaphylaxis, hemolytic anemia |
| Epoetin Alfa | Epogen, Procrit | 50-150 units/kg TIW, 10,000 units TIW to 40-60,000 units SIW | Colony stimulating factor | Treatment of anemia associated with HIV therapy, chronic renal failure, reduction of allogeneic blood transfusion for elective, noncardiac, nonvascular surgery | Hypersensitivity to human albumin or mammalian cell-derived products, uncontrolled hypertension, Hg > 12 | N/V/D, edema, hypertension, pruritus, rash, constipation, indigestion, dizziness, headache, insomnia, paresthesia, cough, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, anemia, deep vein thrombosis, porphyria, cerebral ischemia, seizure, encephalopathy |
| Prochlorperazine | Compro | 5-10mg TID-QID, up to 150mg/day (antipsychotic); Pediatric > 10 yrs: 0.4mg/kg/day divided TID-QID, or 2.5mg q8-24 hrs | Antiemetic, Antipsychotic, Tyipcal, Phenothiazine | Management of N/V, psychotic disorders including schizophrenia and anxiety | Hypersensitivity to it, severe CNS depression, coma, pediatric Sx, Reye's syndrome, use in children < 2 yrs or < 9kg | Hypotension, constipation, xerostomia, akathisia, dizziness, phoyosensitivity, dystonia, blurred vision, prolonged QT interval, torsades de pointes, ineffective thermoregulation, diminished sweating, seizure, priapism |
| Diphenhydramine | Benadryl, Unisom | 25-50mg q6-8 hrs, max 400mg/day | Histamine H1 antagonist, first generation | Allergy symptoms, anaphylaxis (when combined with epinephrine), night time sleep aid, prevention/treatment of motion sickness, antitussive, manage Parkinson's syndrome | Hypersensitivity to it, acute asthma, neonates/preemies, breast feeding, local anaesthetic use (injection) | Xerostomia, anaphylaxis, dizziness, dyskinesia, sedation, somnolence, dry nasal mucosa, pharyngeal dyness, thick bronchial sputum |
| Guafinesin | Mucinex | 200-400mg q4 hrs; ER: 600-1200mg q12 hrs, max 2.4g/day | Expectorant | Loosen phlegm and thin bronchial secretions | Hypersensitivity to it | N/V |
| Codeine & Acetaminophen | Tylenol with codeine | Codeine: 15-60mg q4-6 hrs, max 360mg/day; max acetaminophen is 4g/day | Analgesic, Opioid | Relief of mild to moderate pain | Hypersensitivity to it, acute/ severe asthma, hypercapnia, severe respiratory depression, paralytic ileus | N/V, dizziness, lightheadedness, sedation, somnolence, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, respiratory depression |
| Timolol (eye drops) | Betimol, Istalol, Timolol, Timoptic | (0.25%): 1 gtt BID in affected eye; (0.5%): 1 gtt SID in AM, max 1 gtt BID | Beta blocker, Nonselective, Opthalmic agent, Antiglaucoma | Treatment of elevated intraocular pressure such as glaucoma or ocular hypertension | Hypersensitivity to it, sinus bradycardia, sinus node dysfunction, heart block greater than first degree (except in patients with functional artificial pacemaker), cardiogenic shock, uncompensated cardiac failure, bronchospastic disease | N/V/D, angina, bradyarrhythmia, heart failure, hypotension, pruritus, rash, urticaria, abdominal pain, indigestion, cramps, confusion, dizziness, headache, blurred vision, burning sensation, cataracts, dry eyes, cardiac dysrhythmia |
| Ipratropium inhaler (HFA) | Atrovent HFA | Acute asthma exacerbation: Nebulizer: 500mcg q20 min x 3 doses, then prn; MDI: 8 inhalations 120 min prn up to 3 hrs; COPD bronchospasm: Nebulizer: 500mcg TID-QID q6-8 hrs, MDI: 2 inhalations QID up to 12 inhalations/day; < 12 yrs use half to full dose | Anticholinergic agent | Anticholinergic bronchodilator used in bronchospasm associated with COPD, bronchitis, and emphysema | Hypersensitivity to it, atropine, and derivatives | Anaphylaxis, abnormal taste in mouth, xerostomia, nasal congestion, dry nasal mucosa, myocardial infarction, paralytic ileus, immune hypersensitivity rxn, angioedema, bronchospasm, urticaria, oropharyngeal edema, cerebrovascular accident |
| Ferrous Sulfate (Oral) | Feosol, Fer-In-Sol, Fer-iron, MyKidz Iron 10, Slow FE | 300mg BID, up to 300mg QID; ER: 250mg SID-BID; Elemental: 8-27mg/day | Iron salt | Prevention and treatment of iron-deficiency anemias | Hypersensitivity to it, iron salts, hemochromatosis, hemolytic anemia | Constipation, dark stools, nausea, immune hypersensitivity reaction |
| Ranitidine | Zantac | 150mg SID-BID; 300mg SID hs; Pediatric (1 mo-16 yr): 2-10mg/kg/day divided BID po; IV: 2-4mg/kg q6-8 hrs; Prevention of heartburn, > 12 yrs and OTC: 75 mg before food/drink, max 150mg/day | Histamine H2 antagonist | Short term and maintenance treatment of duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, GERD, active benign ulcer, erosive esophagitis, pathological hypersecretory conditions; part of a multidrug regimen for eradication of H. pylori to reduce risk of duodenal ulcer | Hypersensitivity to it | Abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, headache, bradyarrhythmia, S-J syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, necrotizing enterocolitis in fetus or newborn, pancreatitis, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, hepatitis |
| Oxymetazoline | Afrin, Duramist, 12hr Nasal Relief | Opthalmic: 1-2gtt/eye q6 hrs prn; Nasal: 2-3 sprays each nostril BID x 3 days | Adrenergic agonist agent, Imidazoline derivative, Vasoconstrictor, Nasal, Ophthalmic | Treatment of nasal congestion, acute or chronic rhinitis, common cold, hay fever, allergies; Opthalmic: eye redness, minor irritants | Hypersensitivity to it | Headache, insomnia, nervousness, nasal congestion, rebound, dry nasal mucosa, stinging/burning in nostrils, sneezing, cardiac dysrhythmia, tachyarrhythmia, hypertension |
| Hydrocortisone cream | Cortaid, Cortizone-10, Dermarest, Locoid, HydroZone, Protocort, Texacort | Topical: apply to affected area BID-QID; Rectal: 10-100mg SID-BID x 2-3 weeks | Corticosteroid, Topical, Rectal | Relief of inflammation of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses (low to medium potency topical corticosteroids); adjunctive treatment of ulcerative colitis | Hypersensitivity to it; Rectal: systemic fungal infection, ileocolostomy during the immediate or early post-operative period | Atrophic condition of skin, impaired skin healing, GI tract disorder, osteoporosis, depression, Cushing's syndrome, drug-induced adrenocortical insufficiency, cataracts, glaucoma, hyperglycemia, immunosuppression |
| Carisoprodol | Soma | 250-350mg TID and at bedtime | Skeletal muscle relaxant | Short-term (2-3 week) Tx of acute musculoskeletal pain | Hypersensitivity to it or meprobamate, acute intermittent porphyria, Beers Criteria | Dizziness, headache, somnolence, seizure, drug abuse or dependence, withdrawal signs or symptoms |
| Loratidine | Claritin, Alavert, Tavist | 10mg/day on an empty stomach | Histamine H1 antagonist, second generation | Nasal & non-nasal seasonal allergic rhinits, chronic idiopathic urticaria | Hypersensitivty to it | Xerostomia, headache, somnolence, fatigue, decreased liver function |
| Cimetidine | Tagamet | 300mg QID, 800mg hs, 400mg BID up to 8 weeks, max 800mg BID up to 12 weeks; Heartburn relief: 200mg up to BID | Histamine H2 antagonist | Short term treatment of active duodenal ulcers and benign gastric ulcers; maintenance therapy of duodenal ulcers; treatment of gastric hypersecretory states; treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | Hypersensitivity to it, other H2 antagonists | Gynecomastia, headache, necrotizing enterocolitis in fetus or newborn, agranulocytosis, leukopenia, seizure, psychotic disorder |
| Amoxicillin & Clavulanate Potassium | Amoclan, Augmentin | Based on amoxicillin component: 250-500mg q8 hrs, 875mg BID | Antibiotic, Penicillin | Treat bacterial infections | Hypersensitivity to it, other penicillins, other beta lactams, Hx of cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction; XR: severe renal impairment/hemodialysis | N/V/D, rash, anaphylaxis, fungal infection, S-J syndrome, cholestasis, hepatotoxicity, mycosis |
| Ketorolac | Acular, Acuvail | Oral: 20mg, then 10mg q4-6 hrs; Ophthalmic: 1 gtt QID x 4-14 days; IV: 30mg single or q6 hrs; IM: 60mg single, 30mg q6 hrs, max 120mg | NSAID | Oral/Injection: < 5 day management of moderate to severe acute pain requiring opioid analgesia; Ophthalmic: temporary relief of ocular itching due to seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, treatment of post-op symptoms from cataract or refractive Sx | Hypersensitivity to it, other NSAIDs, Hx of peptic ulcer disease or GI bleeding/perforation, renal disease, concomitant use with probenecid or pentoxifylline, Beers Criteria | Anaphylaxis, rash, edema, hypertension, S-J syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, dizziness, headache, somnolence, pain, myocardial infarction, hepatitis, jaundice, liver failure, nephritis, GI bleeding/perforation, hemmorhaging |
| Lactulose | Constulose, Enulose, Generlac, Kristalose | 10-30g (15-45mL) SID-QID; Rectal: 200g (300mL) with 700mL H2O; Ped: 0.7-60g (2.5-90mL) in divided doses/day | Ammonium detoxicant, Osmotic laxative | Prevention and treatment of portal-systemic encephalopathy (including hepatic precoma and coma), Tx constipation | Use in patients requiring a low galactose diet | N/V/D, bloating, flatulence, cram, epigastric pain, hypernatremia, hypokalemia |
| Azithromycin | Azasite, Zithromax, Zmax | 1 gtt/eye BID x 2 days, 1 gtt SID x 5 days, 500mg SID 1-3 days, then 250mg SID x 4 days; some 1-2g once | Antibiotic, Macrolide, Ophthalmic | Treat bacterial infections, bacterial conjunctivitis | Hypersensitivity to it, other macrolides | N/V/D, rash, anaphylaxis, headache, abdominal pain, hepatotoxicity, myasthenic crisis |
| Albuterol inhaler (HFA) | AccuNeb, ProAir HFA, Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA, VoSpire ER | Bronchospasm: 2 puffs q4-6 hr; Asthma: 4-8 puffs q20min for up to 4 hrs (patients < 12 yrs take 3 doses), then q1-4 hrs prn; Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm: 1-2 puffs 5-30 min prior to exercise | Beta-2 agonist | Treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease, prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm | Hypersensitivity to it | Nausea, tachyarrhythmia, hypokalemia, pharyngitis, throat irritation, nervousness, headache, remor, cough, rhinitis, upeer respiratory infection, viral lower respiratory infection, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, pulmonary edema |
| Bismuth | Bismatrol, Diotame, Kao-Tin, Kaopectate, Maalox, Pepto | 524mg q30 min-1 hr, max 8 doses/day; 524mg QID w/meals, at bedtime (H. pylori) | Antidiarrheal | Subsalicylate formulation: symptomatic tx of mild, nonspecific diarrhea; control of traveler's diarrhea (E. coli); as part of multidrug regimen for H. pylori eradication to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence | Hypersensitivity to it, subsalicylate formulation: children with viral fevers, hypersensitivity to salicylates, Hx of severe GI bleeding, Hx of coagulopathy, pregnancy in 3rd trimester | N/V/D, constipation, grayish-black stool, tongue discoloration, neurotoxicity |
| Dextromethorphan | Delsym, Robitussin, Pediacare, Triaminic, Vicks 44, 12hr Cough Relief | 10-20mg q4 hrs, 30mg q6-8 hrs; ER: 60mg BID, max 120mg/day | Antitussive | Treatment of cough caused by common cold or inhaled irritants | Hypersensitivity, concurrent administration/use within 2 weeks of taking an MAOI | Dizziness, somnolence, fatigue |
| Ciprofloxacin | Ciloxan, Cetraxal, Cipro, Proquin | Ophthalmic: 1-2 gtt q2 hrs x 24 hrs, then 1-2 gtt q4 hrs;
Otic: 0.25mg BID x 7 days; Oral/IV: 400-750mg q12 hrs x 3 days-6 weeks | Antibiotic, Quinolone, Opthalmic, Otic | Treat bacterial infections | Hypersensitivity to it, other quinolones, co-administration with tizanidine | N/V/D, anaphylaxis, S-J syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, tendinitis, tendon rupture, aplastic or hemolytic anemia, bone marrow depression, peripheral neuropathy, dizziness, restlessness, seizure, psychosis, acute renal failure, burning/pain in eye |
| Amoxicillin | Amoxil, Moxatag | 250-500mg q8 hrs, 500-875mg BID, XR: 775mg SID | Antibiotic, Penicillin | Treat bacterial infections | Hypersensitivity to it, other penicillins, other beta lactams | N/V/D, rash, anaphylaxis, fungal infection |
| Prednisolone | Millipred, Omnipred, Orapred, Prelone, Veripred | 5-60mg/day, titrated to lowest effective dose | Corticosteroid, Opthalmic, Systemic | Treatment of inflammation, inflammatory disorders, endocrine disorders | Hypersensitivity to it, acute superficial herpes simplex keratitis, live or attenuated virus vaccines, systemic fungal or bacterial infections, varicella | Edema, hypertension, acne, hyperflycemia, abnormal lipid count, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, cataracts, glaucoma, psychosis, congestiv heart failure, Cushing's disease, pseudotumor cerebri, seizures, Kaposi's sarcoma, diabetes mellitus |
| Cephalexin | Keflex | 250-1000mg q6 hrs, max 4g/day | Antibiotic, Cephalosporin, First Generation | Treat bacterial infections | Hypersensitivity to it, other cephalosporins | Diarrhea, abdominal pain, transient increased liver enzymes |
| Esomeprazole | Nexium | 20-40mg SID, up to 240mg/day | Proton pump inhibitor, Substituted benzimidazole | Oral: short-term (4-8 wks) Tx of erosive esophagitis; maintaining healing of erosive esophagitis; Tx of symptomatic GERD; as part of multidrug regimen to eradicate H. pylori; reduce risk of gastric ulcer from NSAID therapy | Hypersensitivity to it, substituted benzimidazoles (omeprazole, lansoprazole) | D/N, anaphylaxis, abdominal pain, constipation, flatulence, xerostomia, headache, somnolence, S-J syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, angioedema, bone fracture, rhabdomyolysis, acute interstitial nephritis |
| Hydrocodone & Acetaminophen | Hycet, Lorcet, Lortab, Margesic, Maxidone, Norco, Stagesic, Vicodin, Xodol, Zamicet, Zydone | Hydrocodone: 5-10mg QID | Analgesic combination (Opioid) | Relief of moderate to severe pain | Hypersensitivity to it, CNS depression, severe respiratory depression | N/V, dizziness, lightheadedness, sedation, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, respiratory depression |
| Cetirizine | Zyrtec, AllDay | 5-10mg SID | Histamine H1 antagonist, second generation | Treatment of perennial and seasonal allergies | Hypersensitivity to it, hydroxyzine | Xerostomia, headache, somnolence, fatigue |
| Salmeterol (Diskus) | Serevent | 1 inhalation BID | Beta-2 agonist; Beta-2 adrenergic agonist, Long-acting | Maintenance treatment of asthma; prevention of bronchospasm with reversible obstructive airway disease, including nocturnal asthma; prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm; maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with COPD | Hypersensitivity to it, must be used with asthma controller medication | Headache, musculoskeletal pain, prolonged QT interval, exacerbation of asthma, asthma-related death |
| Lansoprazole | Prevacid | 15-60mg SID, up to 90mg BID x usually 4-12 weeks; Pediatric: 15-30mg SID x up to 12 weeks | Proton pump inhibitor, Substituted benzimidazole | Short term treatment of active duodenal ulcers, maintenance Tx of healed duodenal ulcers, part of multidrug regimen to eradicate H. pylori, Tx and reduce risk of NSAID-associated gastric ulcer, Tx of GERD, promote healing of esophagus | Hypersensitivity to it | N/D, anaphylaxis, abdominal pain, constipation, headache, pancreatitis, S-J syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, bone fracture, rhabdomyolysis, acute interstitial nephritis |
| Clindamycin | Cleocin, Clindagel, Clindamax, Evoclin | 150-450mg q4-6 hrs, max 1.8g/day; IM/IV: 1.2-2.7g/day BID-QID, max 4.8g/day; Topical: SID-BID | Antibiotic, Lincosamide, Topical skin product, Acne product | Treat bacterial infections, acne | Hypersensitivity to it, lincomycin, previous pseudomembranous colitis, regional enteritis, ulcerative colitis | N/D, rash, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, elevated liver function test, jaundice |
| Tamsulosin | Flomax | 0.4-0.8mg SID, 30 minutes after meal | Alpha-1 blocker | Treatment of signs and symptoms of BPH | Hypersensitivity to it | Infectious disease, backache, asthenia, dizziness, headache, insomnia, somnolence, abnormal ejaculation, rhinitis, retinal detachment, priapism |
| Docusate | Colace, Correctol, Dolcolax, Fleet | 50-500mg/day in 1-4 doses; 50-100mg in enema fluid | Stool softener | Constipation associated with hard and dry stools, prophylaxis for straining following myocardial infarction, patients who should avoid straining; doses < 200mg may be ineffective in long term treatment | Hypersensitivity to it, concomitant use with mineral oil, intestinal obstruction, acute abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting | N/D, cramping, bitter taste in mouth, hepatotoxicity |
| Latanoprost (eye drops) | Xalatan | 1 gtt in affected eye SID in evening | Opthalmic agent, Antiglaucoma, Opthalmic prostaglandin | Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma orocularhypertension | Hypersensitivity to it | Blurred vision, eyelash follicle finding, hyperpigmentation of eyelid, iris pigmentation, macular retinal edema |
| Terbinafine (topical) | Lamisil | Topical: apply to affected area SID x 1 week, max 4 weeks | Topical antifungal agent | Antifungal for treatment of tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), tinea corporis (ringworm); tinea versicolor (prescription only) | Hypersensitivity to it | Diarrhea, headache, S-J syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, agranulocytosis, neutropenic disorder, pancytopenia, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, systemic lupus erythematosus, liver failure |
| Ketotifen (eye drops) | Alaway, Claritin Eye, Zaditor, Zyrtec Itchy Eye | 1 gtt in affected eye BID-TID | Histamine H1 antagonist, second generation; Mast cell stabilizer, Piperadine derivative | Temporary relief of eye itching due to allergic conjunctivitis | Hypersensitivity to it | Headache, dry eyes, conjunctival eye irritation, pain in eye, pharyngitis, rhinitis, influenza |
| Rifampin | Rifadin | 10mg/kg/day, up to 600mg/day for 4 months | Antibiotic, Msc, Antitubercular agent | Manage active TB, eliminate meningococci | Hypersensitivity to it, other rifamycins, concurrent use with amprenavir, saquinavir, ritonavir (other protease inhibitors) | Discolored saliva, tears, or urine; loss of appetite, heartburn, nausea, sweat, influenza-like illness,thrombocytopenia, high-dose therapy, hepatotoxicity |
| Tramadol | Ultram, Rybix, Ryzolt | 50-100mg q4-6hrs, max 400mg/day; ER: 100mg SID | Analgesic, Opioid | Relief of moderate to severe pain | Hypersensitivity to it, Opioid dependency, acute intoxication with alcohol, hypnotics, centrally-acting analgesics, opioids, or psychotropic drugs | N/V, constipation, xerostomia, dizziness, headache, insomnia, somnolence, myocardial infarction, flushing, pruritus, pancreatitis, anaphylactoid reaction, seizure, dyspnea, respiratory depression |
| Isotretinoin | Amnesteem, Claravis, Sotret | 0.5-2mg/kg/day BID x 15-20 weeks, or until acne decreases by 70% (whichever comes first); may be repeated after > 2 months off | Acne product, Retinoic acid derivative | Treat severe recalcitrant nodular acne unresponsive to conventional therapy | Hypersensitivity to it, parabens, vitamin A, other retinoids, pregnancy | Anaphylaxis, alopecia, cheilitis, dry skin, pruritus, retinoid dermatitis, xerostomia, arthralgia, conjunctivitis, epistaxis, elevated serum triglyceride, pancreatitis, neutropenia, hepatotoxicity, visual or hearing loss, aggressive behavior, depression |
| Propoxyphene & Acetaminophen | Balacet, Darvocet | 1-2 tabs q4 hrs prn, max 390mg HCl or 600mg napsylate per day | Analgesic combination (Opioid) | Management of mild to moderate pain | Hypersensitivity to it, severe asthma, hypercapnia, severe respiratory depression, paralytic ileus | N/V, dizziness, sedation, electrocardiogram abnormalities, hypotension, papillary necrosis, respiratory depression |
| Oxybutynin | Ditropan, Gelnique, Oxytrol | 5mg BIG-TID, max QID; ER: 5-10mg initial, up to 30mg/day; Topical: 1 sachet SID; Transdermal: 3.9mg patch BIW | Antispasmodic agent, Urinary | Antispasmodic for neurogenic bladder (urgency, frequency, leakage, urge incontinence, dysuria); ER formulation also indicated for Tx of detrusor overactivity due to a neurological condition (e.g., sina bifida) | Hypersensitivity to it, risk or diagnosis of narrow-angle glaucoma, urinary retention, gastric retention or conditions with severely decreased GI motility | Application site erythema/rash, pruritus, constipation, diarrhea, xerostomia, angioedema, gastroenteritis, dizziness, somnolence, headache, confusion, seizure, psychotic disorder, mycosis |
| Piperacillin & Tazobactam | Zosyn | IV: 3.375-4.5g q4-8 hrs | Antibiotic, Penicillin | Treat bacterial infections | Hypersensitivity to it, other penicillins, other beta lactamase inhibitors | N/V/D, rash, anaphylaxis, headache, fever, insomnia, agitation, edema, constipation, pain, oral candidiasis, cardiac problems |
| Senna | Senokot, Black Draught, Sennagen, Fleet, Ex-Lax | 12mg SID, upto 70-100mg/day BID, max 7 days. 130mg between 2-4pm day prior to exam (for colonic evacuation) | Laxative, Stimulant | Short term treatment of constipation, colonic evacuation | Hypersensitivity to it, intenstinal obstruction, Crohn's disease, colitis ulcerosa, appendicitis, abdominal pain of unknown origin, pregnancy | Abdominal pain, nausea, cramps, diarrhea, melanotic pigmentation of the colonic mucosa, electrolyte abnormalities, urine discoloration, nephritis, finger clubbing |
| Fluconazole | Diflucan | 150mg once or 200-800mg/day | Antifungal agent, Oral, Parenteral | Treat candidiasis, fungal infections, prophylaxis for bone marrow transplants | Hypersensitivity, cross reaction with other oral antifungals, concomitant administration with cisapride or terfenadine | N/V, S-J syndrome, elevated liver enzymes, headache, torsades de pointes, seizure |
| Valacyclovir | Valtrex | 1-2g BID-QID x 3+ days | Antiviral agent, Oral | Treatment of herpes zoster (shingles), HSV (suppression, decrease transmission), immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients | Hypersensitivity to it or acyclovir | N/V, rash, abdominal pain, headache, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, aseptic meningitis, encephalopathy, seizure, hemolytic uremic syndrome |
| Sulfamethoxazole & Trimethoprim | Bactrim, Septra, Sulfatrim | Based on trimethoprim: S800/T160mg q12-24 hrs; IV: 8-20mg TMP/kg/day q6-12 hrs | Antibiotic, Msc/Sulfonamide derivative | Treat bacterial infections | Hypersensitivity to it, other sulfas, megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency, infants < 2 months of age, hepatic damage or renal disease, pregnancy at term, breastfeeding | N/V, rash, anaphylaxis, S-J syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, urticaria, aplastic anemia, thrombocyopenia, blood dyscrasia NOS, agranulocytosis, neutropenia, hepatic necrosis, clostridium difficile diarrhea |
| Mometasone nasal spray | Nasonex | 2 sprays/nostril SID-BID; < 12 yrs, 1 spray/nostril | Corticosteroid, Nasal | Treatment of nasal symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis; prevention of nasal symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis; treatment of nasal polyps in adults | Hypersensitivity to it | Anaphylaxis, headache, angioedema, aabdominal pain, indigestion, nausea, backache, musculoskeletal pain, myalgia, secondary hypocortisolism, candidiasis, epistaxis, pharyngitis, UR infection |
| Bisacodyl | Dolcolax, Correctol, Biscolax, Ex-Lax | 5-15mg single dose, 30mg for complete evacuation; take on empty stomach for rapid effect; do not use within 1 hr of ingesting dairy or antacids; Suppository: 10mg once | Laxative, Stimulant | Constpiation, colonic evacuation prior to procedures | Hypersensitivity to it, abdominal pain or obstruction, nausea, vomiting, Beers Criteria | Abdominal colic, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, atony of colon; Suppository: proctitis |
| Clarithromycin | Biaxin | 250-500mg BID, 1000mg SID x 7-14 days | Antibiotic, Macrolide | Treat bacterial infections | Hypersensitivity to it, other macrolides, co-administration with ergot derivatives | N/V/D, anaphylaxis, headache, abdominal pain, indigestion, abnormal taste, S-J syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, hepatitis, liver failure |
| Hydrocodone & Chlorpheniramine | Tussionex, Tussicaps | Capsule: 10mg/8mg (1 capsule) q12 hrs, max 2 caps/day; Liquid: 5mL q12 hrs, max 10mL/day | Analgesic, Opioid, Antitussive, Histamine H1 antagonist, First generation | Relief of cough and upper respiratory symptoms associated with cold and allergy | Hypersensitivity, children < 6 yrs of age | N/V, rash, chest tightness, anxiety, dizziness, drowsiness, dysphoria, euphoria, fear, sedation, psychological dependence, constipation, pruritus, ureteral spasm, urinary retention, vesicle sphincter spasm, dryness of pharynx, respiratory depression |
| Acetaminophen | Tylenol, Excedrin, Anacin, Cetafen | 325-650mg q4-6 hrs, 1000mg TID-QID, max 4g/day | Anagesic, Msc | Treatment of mild to moderate pain, fever | Hypersensitivity to it | N/V, S-J syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, pruritus, headache, insomnia, agitation, liver failure, atelectasis, pneumonitis, constipation |
| Celecoxib | Celebrex | 100-400mg/day SID-BID | NSAID, COX-2 selective | Relief of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, Tx of primary dysmenorrhea, reduction of intestinal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis | Hypersensitivity to it, other NSAIDs, sulfonamides, asirin, perioperative pain with CABG Sx | N/D, anaphylaxis, hypertension, headache, MI, torsades de pointes, ventricular hypertrophy, erythema multiforme, erythroderma, S-J syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, GI hemmorhage/perforation/ulcer, thromboses, hepatitis, liver failure |
| Fluticasone inhaler (HFA) | Flovent Diskus, Flovent HFA | 88-880mcg BID | Corticosteroid, Inhalant (Oral) | Maintenance treatment of asthma as prophylactic therapy; also indicated for patients requiring oral corticosteroid therapy for asthma to assist in total discontinuation or reduction of complete oral dose | Hypersensitivity to it, primary treatment of status asthmaticus or acute bronchospasm | Anaphylaxis, headache, bronchitis, cough, candidiasis of mouth and esohagus, epistaxis, inflammatory disorder of UR tract, sinusitis, throat irritation, UR infection, secondary hypocortisolism, immune hypersensitivity rxn, glaucoma, pneumonia |
| Doxazosin | Cardura | Titration up to 16mg/day (8mg for BPH, 16mg for hypertension) | Alpha-1 blocker | Treatment ofhyertension as monotherapy or in conjunction with diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, or calcium antagonists; Tx of urinary outflow obstruction and/or obstructive and irritative symptoms associated with BPH | Hypersensitivity to it, quinazolines (prazosin, terazosin), Beers Criteria | Edema, hypotension, nausea, dizziness, headache, somnolence, vertigo, fatigue, hepatitis, intraoperative flopy iris syndrome, priapism |
| Pimecrolimus | Elidel | Apply thin later to affected area BID | Topical immunosuppressant | Short term and intermittent long-term treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in patients unresponsive to conentional therapy, or when conventional therapy is not appropriate | Hypersensitivity to it | Burning sensation, increased risk of viral infection, headache, fever, basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant lymphoma, septic arthritis |
| Phenylephrine | Afrin nasal mist, Pediacare, Sudafed | Oral: 10-20mg q4 hrs (HCl), 10-20mg q12 hrs (tannate); Nasal: 1-2 sprays q4 hrs x 3 days; Hemorrhoids: QID | Alpha/beta agonist, Opthalmic agent: Antiglaucoma, Mydriatic | Treatment of nasal/nasopharyngeal mucosal congestion, relief of eye redness, treatment of hemorrhoids | Hypersensitivity to it, hypertension, tachycardia, narrow-angle glaucoma, administration with or within 2 wks of an MAOI, use in newborns, while breastfeeding | Hypertension, transient pain in eye, rebound nasal congegstion, stinging/burning in nostrils, sneezing, myocardial infarction, tachyarrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia, pulmonary edema |
| Pseudoephedrine | Sudafed | 60mg q4-6 hrs, 120mg q12 hrs, 240mg q24 hrs, max 240mg/day | Alpha/beta agonist | Nasal congestion due to common cold, upper respiratory allergies, sinusitis, promotion of nasal or sinus discharge | Hypersensitivity to it, use with or within 14 days of an MAOI, use in newborns, while breastfeeding | Hypertension, tachyarrhythmia, insomnia, anxiety, nervousnes, restlessness, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, premature ventricular contractions |
| Iron Sucrose (Injection) | Venofer | Elemental: max 1g over 14 days, 10 doses total, or 3 doses/week; 100-300mg/dose slow infusion | Iron salt | Treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in chronic renal failure, including nondialysis-dependent patients and dialysis-dependent patients receiving erythropoietin therapy | Hypersensitivity to it, evidence of iron overload, anemia not caused by iron deficiency | N/V/D, anaphylaxis, hypotension, leg cramping, headache, seizure, loss of consciousness, collapse, dyspnea |
| Ondansetron | Zofran, Zuplenz | 0.15mg/kg TID, 0.45mg/kg SID, 8-10mg SID-BID, 24-32mg SID | Antiemetic, Selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist | Prevention of N/V associated with moderately to highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy; radiotherapy; prevention of post-op N/V, Tx of post-op N/V if no prophylactice dose of ondansetron received | Hypersensitivity to it, other 5-HT3 antagonists, concomitant use of apomorphine | Anaphylaxis, diarrhea, constipation, increased liver enzymes, headache, fatigue, malaise, cardiac dysrhythmia, bronchospasm |
| Loperamide | Imodium, Diamode | Initial dose of 4mg followed by 2mg after each loose stool, max 8-16mg/day depending on severity of diarrhea | Antidiarrheal | Treatment of chronic diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel disease, acute nonspecific diarrhea, increased volume of ileostomy discharge | Hypersensitivity to it, abdominal pain without diarrhea, use as primary therapy in acute dysentery, acute ulcerative colitis, bacterial enterocolitis, pseudomembranous colitis, children < 2 yrs of age | N/D, abdominal pain, xerostomia, dizziness, somnolence, fatigue, hyperglycemia, necrotizing enterocolitis in fetus or newborn |
| Cyclobenzaprine | Amrix, Fexmid, Flexeril | 5mg TID; ER: 15mg SID | Skeletal muscle relaxant | Treatment of muscle spasm associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions | Hypersensitivity to it, use with or within 12 days of taking an MAOI, hyperthyroidism, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, heart block or conduction disturbances, acute recovery phase of MI, Beers Criteria | Anaphylaxis, palpitations, bad taste, constipation, indigestion, nausea, pharyngeal dryness, xerostomia, asthenia, confusion, dizziness, headache, somnolence, blurred vision, feeling nervous, cardiac dysrhythmia, cholestasis, hepatitis, jaundice |
| Metronidazole | Flagyl | 500-750mg q4-6 hrs, max 4g/day; IV: 1g loading dose | Amoebicide, Antibiotic, Msc, Topical, Antiprotozoal, Nitroimidazole | Treat bacterial infections, Protozoal infections | Hypersensitivity to it, other nitroimidazole derivatives, first trimester pregnancy | Nausea, S-J syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, dizziness, headache, seizure, J-H rxn, candida infection of genitals, vaginal irritation or discharge, leukopenia, aseptic meningitis, encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy, seizure, ototoxicity |
