BYU PdBio 305 Dr. Rhees Reproduction
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| gonadal development depends on what | show 🗑
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| how does the presence of a Y chromosome result in a male? | show 🗑
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| show | ovaries, testes
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| show | presence or absence of the hormone testosterone
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| show | testes secrete androgens and make male structures; ovaries can't secrete androgens resulting in female structures
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| wolffian ducts | show 🗑
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| mullerian ducts | show 🗑
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| mullerian inhibiting factor | show 🗑
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| show | hormone released by the placenta; stimulates early testicular secretion of testosterone which induces develpment of the wolffian ducts into the male reproductive tract (epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and seminal vesicles)
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| male reproductive tract | show 🗑
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| show | oviducts, uterus, and vagina
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| external reproductive structures requre | show 🗑
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| genitalia are mostly formed after how many weeks | show 🗑
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| show | testosterone
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| show | size of hypothalamic nuclei, cyclic release of gonadotropin, and sexual behavior
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| show | 3-5 years
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| menstruation started in 1840 at what age | show 🗑
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| show | stimulated to secreted oil (acne) during puberty
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| show | female hormone related to menstruation period
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| show | early puberty; early development of secondary sex characteristics; caused by abnormal exposure of immature females to estrogen or males to androgens; often caused by tumors of the gonads or adrenal glands
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| delayed puberty | show 🗑
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| spermatogenesis works best in what temp | show 🗑
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| testes are divided into | show 🗑
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| Each lobule in the teste contains | show 🗑
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| function of seminiferous tubules | show 🗑
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| function of Leydig cells | show 🗑
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| show | small coiled tube which measures about 20 feet, lies along the top and side of the testes; site of maturation of sperm
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| capacitation | show 🗑
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| vas deferens (ductus deferens) | show 🗑
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| vasectomy | show 🗑
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| show | carry sperm from vas deferens to urethra
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| urethra | show 🗑
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| show | seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands; these glands secrete seminal plasma which mixes with the sperm to form semen or seminal fluid
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| seminal vesicles | show 🗑
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| show | lies below the bladder and is doughnut shaped; urethra pases through the small hole in the center; secretes alkaline fluid (13-33% of volume) that helps protect the sperm from the acidic environment of the male urethra and female vagina
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| bulbourethral glands | show 🗑
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| show | depends on quantity and quality of sperm; 2-6 ml, 20 million sperm/ml, 60% normal shape
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| number of sperm produced daily | show 🗑
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| show | 3-4 days
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| show | 40 million to 250 million; below 20 million may mean infertility problems
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| show | 100-100,000
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| how many sperm make it to the egg | show 🗑
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| show | fertilized egg
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| what happens to dead sperm in female | show 🗑
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| infertility is due to whom | show 🗑
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| structure of sperm | show 🗑
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| uterus | show 🗑
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| show | corpus or body, uterine isthmus or cervix (neck)
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| show | endometrium (shed during menstruation) and myometrium (smooth muscle, contraction of the uterine wall results in expulsion of the fetus at birth
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| fallopian tubes, oviducts, or uterine tubes | show 🗑
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| ovaries | show 🗑
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| ovarian follicles | show 🗑
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| show | 500,000
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| how many follicles are released through ovulation | show 🗑
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| ovulation | show 🗑
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| show | production of female hormones
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| Estrogen | show 🗑
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| progesterone | show 🗑
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| average human menstrual cycle length | show 🗑
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| day 1 of ovarian cycle | show 🗑
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| day 7 of ovarian cycle | show 🗑
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| show | high levels of LH stimulate ovulation; LH surge occurs 16 hours before ovulation; expulsion of egg from the mature follicle--ovaries usually alternate
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| indications of ovulation | show 🗑
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| fertile period length | show 🗑
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| destiny of follicle cell after ovulation | show 🗑
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| cells of corpus luteum secrete | show 🗑
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| day 23 of ovarian cycle if pregnancy occurs | show 🗑
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| show | human chorionic gonadotrophin; is detectable in the blood and urine as early as 8-10 days after fertilization so it's used in pregnancy kits; similar to GH and prolactin; has anti-insulin effects to divert glucose from mother to fetus
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| show | corpus luteum begins to degenerate on about day 23 or 24; with degeneration of the corpus luteum, the levels of estrogens and progesterone drop
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| day 27 of ovarian cycle (no pregnancy) | show 🗑
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| menstrual cycle names | show 🗑
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| show | 6-7 days
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| show | usually implants in the upper posterior wall of uterus; cervical implantation
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| extrauterine implantation | show 🗑
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| pregancy lasts how long | show 🗑
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| pre-embryo | show 🗑
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| embryo | show 🗑
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| how much weight should a pregnant mother gain | show 🗑
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| during pregnancy, which hormones increase | show 🗑
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| change in pituitary during pregnancy | show 🗑
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| show | increase
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| parturition | show 🗑
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| factors that increase contractibility of the uterus | show 🗑
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| show | 1)cervical dilation-up to 10 cm 2)delivery of the baby 3)delivery of the placenta (afterbirth)
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| when does menopause start | show 🗑
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| menopause (what happens) | show 🗑
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| show | estrogen replacement therapy using premarin; there's recent evidence that ERT might not be so good
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| benefits of ERT | show 🗑
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| risks of ERT | show 🗑
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| tubal ligation | show 🗑
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