Anatomy of the UE
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| Intrinsic Muscles innervated by Median Nerve (3) | Abductor pollicis Brevis, opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis
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| Abductor Pollicis Brevis | Insertion, Base of proximal phalanx, radial side of thumb
Function: Palmar abduction
Innervated by Median N
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| Oppenens pollicis | Insertion: 1st metacarpal
Function: opposition
Innervated by Median N
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| Flexor pollicis Brevis: superficial head | Insertion: base of proximal phalanx, radial side of thumb
Function: MCP flexion
Innervated by Median N
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| Intrinsic muscles innervated by the ulnar nerve (7) | Abductor digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi, adductor, lumbricles (ulnar side), palmar interossei, dorsal interossei
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| Abductor digiti minimi | Insert: proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Function: Abduction of the 5th digit
Innervated by Ulnar N
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| Opponens digiti minimi | Inset: 5th metacarpal
Function: opposition of the 5th digit
Innervated by Ulnar N
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| Flexor digiti minimi | Insert: proximal phalenx of 5th digit
Function: Flexion of MCP joint and opposition of the 5th digit
Innervated by Ulnar N
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| Adductor | Insert: base of proximal phalanx
Function: adducts CMC joint of thumb
Innervated by Ulnar N
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| Lumbricals (ulnar side) | Insert: Radial side of digits 4 and 5 into extensor expansion
Function: MCP flexion and extension of IP joints of digits 4 and 5
Innervated by Ulnar N
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| Palmar interossei | Insert: ulnar surface of 2nd MCP
radial surface of 4th/5th MCP
Function: Adduction and assist with MCP flexion/extension of IP joints 2-5
Innervated by Ulnar N
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| Extrinsic flexor muscles of the hand innervated by the Median Nerve (3) (flexors of the digits) | Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), Flexor digitorum profundis (FDP), Flexor pollicis longus (FPL)
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| Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) | Origin: medial epicondyle
inset: middle phalenx
function: flexion of PIP
Innervated by Median N
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| Flexor digitorum profundis (FDP) Median N | origin: procimal 2/3 of the ulna and interrosseous membrane
Insert: distal phalenx
Function: Flexion of DIP joints 2 and 3
Innervated by Median N
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| Flexor pollicis longus (FPL) | Origin: radius, middle 1/3
insertion: distal phalenx of the thumb
Function: Flexion of the IP joint of the thumb
Innervated by Median N
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| Extrinsic flexors of the hand innervated by the Ulnar Nerve (1) | Flexor digitorum profundus
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| Flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar N) | origin: proximal 2/3 of the ulna and interrosseous membrane
Insert: distal phalenx
Function: Flexion of DIP joints 4 and 5
Innervated by the Ulnar Nerve
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| Extrinsic extensor muscles of the hand innnervated by the radial N (6) | Extensor digitorum communis (EDC), Extensor Digiti minimi (EDM), Extensor indicis proprius (EIP), Extensor Pollicis longus (EPL), Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB), Abductor pollicis longus (APL)
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| Extensor digitorum communis (EDC) | Origin: lateral epicondyle
Inset: Medial band to middle phalanx and lateral band to distal phalenx
Function: Extension of MCP joints and contribution to extension of IP joints
Innervated by the Radial Nerve
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| Extensor Digiti minimi (EDM) | Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insert: Onto EDC at MCP level of the 5th digit
Function: extension of MCP joint of the 5th digit and contributes to extension of the IP joints
Innervated by the Radial Nerve
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| Extensor indicis proprius (EIP) | Origin: Middle 1/3 ulna
Insert: Into EDM aat MCP level
Function: extension of MCP joint at 2nd digit and contributes to extension of IP joints
Innervated by the Radial Nerve
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| Extensor Pollicis longus (EPL) | Origin: ulna, middle 1/3
Insert: distal phalenx of the thumb
Function: Extension of the IP joint of the thumb
Innervated by the Radial Nerve
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| Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB) | Origin: radius middle 1/3
Insert: proximal phalenx of thumb
Function: extension of MCP and CMC joints of the thumb
Innervated by the Radial Nerve
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| Abductor pollicis longus (APL) | Origin: middle 1/3 of ulna and radius
Insert: 1st metacarpal, radial side
Function: abduction and extension of CMC joint
Innervated by the Radial Nerve
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| Wrist Flexors innervated by the Median N (2) | Flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and Palmaris Longus (PL)
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| Flexor carpi radialis (FCR) | Origin: Medial Epicondyle
Insert: 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bone
Function: flexion of wrist and radial deviation
Innervated by the Median N
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| Palmaris Longus (PL) | Origin: medial epicondyle
Insert: palmar aponeurosis
Function: Flexion of the wrist
Innervated by the Median N
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| Wrist Flexors innervated by the ulnar nerve (1) | Flexor carpi ulnaris
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| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU) | Origin: Medical epicondyle & proximal 2/3 of the ulna
Insert: pisiform and 5th metacarpal
Function: flexion of the wrist and ulnar deviation
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| Wrist Extensors innervated By the radial N (3) | Extensor Carpi radialis brevis (ECRB), Extensor Carpi radialis longus (ECRL), Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)
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| Extensor Carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) | Origin: Lateral epiconydle
Insert: 3rd metacarpal base
Function: Extension of wrist and radial deviation
Innervated by the Radial N
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| Extensor Carpi radialis longus (ECRL) | Origin: Supracondylar ridge of the humerous
Insert: 2nd metacarpal base
Function: extension of wrist and radial deviation
Innervated by the Radial N
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| Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) | Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insert: 5th metacarpal
Function: extension of wrist and ulnar deviation
Innervated by the Radial N
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| Volar forearm muscles Innervated by the Median N (2) | Pronator teres, Pronator quadratus
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| Pronator teres | Origin: Medial epicondyle and coronoid process of ulna
Insert: lateral surface of the radius
Function: forearm pronation
Innervated by the Median N
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| Pronator quadratus | Origin: distal ulna
Insert: distal radius
Function: forarm pronation
nnervated by the Median N
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| Dorsal forearm muscles innervated by the Radial N (1) | Supinator
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| Supinator | Origin: lateral epicondyle and ulna
Insert: radius
Function: Supination
Innervated by the Radial N
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| Elbow flexion muscles innervated by the musculocuteneous N (2) | Biceps, brachialis
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| Biceps | Origin: coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle (long and short head)
Insert: radial tuberocity
Function: Elbow flexion with forearm supinated
Innervated by the musculocutaneous N
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| Brachialis | Origin: distal 2/3 of the humerous
Insert: Ulnar tuberocity
Function: Elbow flexion with forearm pronated
Innervated by the musculocutaneous N
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| Elbow flexion muscles innervated by the radial N (1) | Brachioradialis
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| Brachioradialis | Origin: Supracondylar ridge
Insert: distal radius
Function: elbow flexion with forearm neutral
Innervated by Radial N
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| Elbow extension muscles innervated by the radial N (2) | Triceps, Anconeus
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| Triceps | Origin: Long head: infraglenoid tuberocity
Lateral head: posterior humerous
Insert: olecranon
Function: Elbow extension
Innervated by Radial N
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| Anconeus | Origin: Lateral epicondyle and capsule of elbow joint
Insert: olecranon and upper 1/4 of dorsal ulna
Function: elbow extension
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| Rotator Cuff Muscles | Subscapularis, suprascaularis, infraspinatos, Teres minor
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| Subscapularis | Origin: Anterior surface of scapula
Insert: Lesser tuberocity
Function: IR
Innervated by subscapular N
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| Supraspinatus | Origin: supraspinatus fossa
Insert: Greater tuberocity
Function: Abduction and shoulder flexion
Innervated by suprascapular N
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| Infraspinatous | Origin: Infraspinatus fossa
Insert: Greater tuberocity
Function: ER
Innervated by suprascapular N
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| Teres Minor | Origin: Axillary boarder of scapula
Insert: Greater tuberocity
Function: ER
Innervated by axillary N
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| Shoulder Flexion Muscles (3) | Anterior deltoid, Coracobrachialis, supraspinatous
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| Anterior Deltoid | Origin: clavicle
Insert: deltoid tuberocity
Function: Shoulder flexion
Innervated by Axillary N
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| CoracoBrachialis | Origin: Coracoid process
Insert: Medial aspect of deltoid
Function: shoulder flexion
Innervated by musculocutaneous
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| Shoulder Abduction (2) | Middle deltoid, supraspinatous
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| Middle Deltoid | Origin: Acromion
Insert: deltoid tuberocity
Function: shoulder abduction
Innervated by axillary N
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| Hozizontal Adduction Muscles (1) | Pectoralis Major
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| Pectoralis Major | Origin: Medical clavicle, sternum, and ribs 1-7
Insert: greater tuberocity
Function: horizontal adduction
Innervated by lateral pectoral N
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| Horizontal Abduction muscles (1) | Posterior deltoid
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| Posterior deltoid | Origin: spine of scapula
Insert deltoid tuberocity
Function: horizontal abduction
Innervated by axillary N
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| Shoulder extension Muscles (3) | Latissimus dorsi, Teres major, Posterior deltoid
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| Latissimus Dorsi | Origin: T6-12, L1-5, sacral vertebrae, ribs 9-12, iliac crest, and inferior angle of scapula
Insert: intertubercular groove of humerous
Function: Shoulder extension
Innervated by thoracodorsal nerve
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| Teres Major | Origin: Inferior angle of scapula
Insert: intertubercular groove of hummerous
Function: SHoulder extension
Innervated by Subscapular N
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| Upward rotation of scapula (2) | Trapezius, Serratus anterior
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| Trapezius | Origin: occiput>t12
Insert 1/3 claivcle, acromium, medial spine of scapula
Function: Uppward rotation of scapula
Innervated by Spinal accesory N (CNXI)
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| Serratus Anterior | Origin: Ribs 1-8 and aponeurosis of intercostals
Insert: Superior and inferior angles of scauplua and vertebral boarders of the scapua
Function: Upward rotation of scapula
Innervated by the long thoracic N
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| Dowanward rotation of the scapula (4) | Levator scapulae, rhomboids, serratus anterior, latissimum dorsi
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| Levator scapulae | Origin: c1-c4 transerve processes
Insertion: vertebral boarder of scapula
Function: downward rotation of muscles
Innerveted by c3-c4 nerves
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| Rhmoboids | Origin: c7-t5 spinous processes
Insertion: vertebral boarder distal to the spine of scapula
Function: downward rotation of scapula
Innerve=ated by dorsal scapular N
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| Scapular adduction muscles 2 | Middle trapezius, rhomboids major
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| Scapular Abduction muscles 1 | serratus anterior
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| Scapular elevation 2 | trapezius, levator scapulae
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| Scapular depression 1 | trapezisus
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