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Vocab.

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Term
Definition
astronomy   study of objects beyond Earth's atmosphere  
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meteorology   the study of the atmosphere, which is the air surrounding Earth  
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geology   study of material that make up Earth and the processes that form and change these materials, and the history of the planet and its life-forms since its origin  
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oceanography   study of Earth's oceans including the creatures that inhabit its waters, its physical and chemical properties, and the effects of human activities  
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environmental science   study of the interactions of humans with environment  
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geosphere   the part of Earth from its surface to its center  
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atmosphere   blanket of gases surrounding Earth that contains about 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, and 1 percent other gases such as argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor  
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hydrosphere   all the water in Earth's oceans, lakes, seas, rivers, and glaciers plus all the water in the atmosphere  
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biosphere   all of Earth's organisms and the environment in which they live  
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scientific methods   a series of problem-solving procedures that help scientists conduct experiments  
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hypothesis   a testable explanation of a situation  
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independent variable   factor that is manipulated by the experimenter in an experiment  
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dependent variable   factor in an experiment that can change if the independent variable is changed  
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control   standard for comparison in an experiment  
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Le Systeme International d'Unites   replacement for ht emetric sustem; based on decimal system sinf the number 10 as the base unit; includes the meter: (m), second (s), and kilogram (kg)  
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scientific notation   a method used by scientists to express a number as a value between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10.  
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scientific model   an idea, a system, or a mathematical expression that represents the idea being explained  
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scientific theory   an explanation based on many observations during repeated experiments; called only if consistent with observations, can be used to make testable predictions, and is the simplest explanation; can be changed or modified with the discovery of new data  
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scientific law   a principle that describes the behavior of a natural  
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