Exam 2
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| sex-linked | the inheritance of characteristics encoded by genes located on the sex chromosomes, which often differ in males and females
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| non-mendelian | general term that refers to any pattern of inheritance in which traits do not segregate in accordance with Mendel’s laws.
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| sex influenced | Autosomal trait expressed as a dominant in one sex and as a recessive in the other (ex: male pattern baldness)
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| sex-limited | Autosomal trait expressed in one sex only (ex: cock feathering)
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| polygenic inheritance | recognizable by their expression as a gradation of small differences (ex: many genes and factors affect your height and skin color)
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| barr bodies | the random inactivation of additional X chromosomes
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| aneuploidy | change in the number of individual chromosomes (+/-) that can occur due to multiple reasons
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| epistasis | term applied when one gene interferes with the expression of another
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| pleiotropy | the effect of a single gene on more than one characteristic.
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| nondisjunction | the chromosome pairs fail to separate in meiosis I
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| palindromic | read the same forward and backward on opposite DNA prime sides
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| karyotype analysis | a match display of chromosomes that is not representative of how they are in the cell
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| holandric | passing from father to son
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| incomplete dominance | a condition when neither allele is dominant over the other; heterozygotes express an intermediate phenotype relative to the parental phenotypes (ex: pink snapdragons)
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| codominance | occur when rather than expressing an intermediate phenotype, the heterozygotes express both phenotypes (ex: AB blood type)
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| penetrance | Percentage of organisms that have a given Genotype that then express the Phenotype
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| expressivity | Degree to which a character is expressed
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| Rh incompatibility | If the mother is Rh- and the baby is Rh+, mother will develop an antigen to the Rh+. If she tries to have a 2nd baby, her white blood cells will attack the babies (Rh+) red blood cells and lyse them. If mother is Rh+ and baby is Rh- then nothing happens.
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| mutually exclusive | one event will prevent another event from happening
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| Autosomal | not sex linked
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