CH. 4 Microbiology BSP
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| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS | the onset of life-threatening illnesses that compromise the immune system as a result of the HIV infection and disease
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| acquired immunity | an immunity that the body develops after it overcomes a disease or through inoculation.
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| active (vegetative) stage | the stage in which bacteria grow and reproduce
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| aseptic | free of disease and germs
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| bacilli | rod-shaped bacteria that produce disease such as tetanus, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diohtheria
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| bacteria | one-celled microorganisms, also known as germs or microbes
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| bloodborne pathogens | disease causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through the body in the blood or body fluids
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| cocci | round-shaped bacteria that appears singly or in grooups
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| contagious (communicable) | a disease that may be transmitted by contact
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| diplococci | round-shaped bacteria that cause diseases such as pneumonia
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| flagella | hair-like extensions that propel bacteria through liquid
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| fungi | plant parasites such as molds, mildew, yeasts, and rusts that can cause ringworm and favus.
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| general infection | an infection that results when the bloodstream carries bacteria or viruses to all parts of the body
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| hepatitis | a bloodborne disease marked by inflammation of the liver
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| human disease carrier | a person who is immune to a disease, but harbors germs that can infect others
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| human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | the virus that causes AIDS
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| immunity | the ability of the body to resist invasion by bacteria and to destroy bacteria once they have entered the body
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| inactive stage | the stage in which bacteria do not grow or reproduce
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| infection | the result when the body is unable to cope with the invasion of bacteria and their harmful toxins
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| local infection | an infection that is limited to a specific area of the body
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| mitosis | the division of cells during reproduction
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| MRSA | acronym for methicilln-resistant; Staphylococcus aureus, a type of staph infection resistant to certain antibiotics.
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| natural immunity | natural resistance to disease that is partially inherited and partially developed
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| nonpathogenic | beneficial or harmless bacteria that perform many useful function
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| objective symptoms | symptoms that can be seen by anyone
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| parasites | plant or animal organisms that live on other living organisms without giving anything in return
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| pathogen | harmful, disease-producing bacteria
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| pediculosis | a contagious infestation caused by the head or body louse
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| pus | a fluid that contains white blood cells, dead and living bacteria, waste matter, tissue elements, and body cells, a sign of infection
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| scabies | a contagious disorder caused by the itch mite
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| sepis | a poisoned state caused by the absorption of pathogenic microorganisms into the bloodstream
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| spirilla | curved or corkscrew-shaped bacteria that can cause syphilis and Lyme disease
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| spore-forming bacteria | certain bacteria that have the ability to form protective spores to survive an inactive stage
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| staphylococci | pus-forming bacteria that cause abscesses, pustules, pimples, and boils
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| streptococci | pus-forming bacteria that cause infections such as strep throat, tonsillitis, other lung and throat diseases, and blood poisoning
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| subjective syptoms | symptoms that can be felt or experienced only by the person infected
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| virus | an infectious agent that lives only by penetrating cells and becoming a part of them.
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| What are bacteria? | One-celled microorganisms also known as germs or microbes
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| What are two types of bacteria? | Nonpathogenic, which are benefi cial or harmless bacteria that perform many useful
functions; and pathogenic, which are harmful, disease-producing bacteria
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| What are three forms of pathogenic bacteria and what are their shapes? | Cocci-round; Bacillli-rod-shaped; Spirilla-spiral/corkscrew-shaped
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| How do bacteria move about? | By means of hair-like projections called flagella or cilia
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| How do bacteria multiply? | By dividing in half through a process called mitosis
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| What are the characteristics of the active stage of bacteria? | It is also known as the vegetative stage and is the reproduction stage of bacteria.
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| What are the characteristics of the inactive stage of bacteria? | The stage in which bacteria do not grow or reproduce. Some bacteria lie dormant and
others die off.
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| What are two types of pathogenic bacteria that can form spores? | Anthrax and tetanus bacilli
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| What is the name of the most common pus-forming human bacteria? | Staphylococci
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| How can infections be controlled or prevented? | Through personal hygiene, effective sanitation, and public-sanitation procedures.
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| What is a local infection? | An infection in one spot or area of the body
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| What is a general infection? | One that carries pathogenic bacteria through the bloodstream to all parts of the body
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| What are the differences between bacteria and viruses? | Bacteria are organisms that can live on their own; viruses live only by penetrating cells
and becoming a part of them.
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| What is the definition of natural immunity? Acquired immunity? | Natural immunity is a natural resistance to disease that is partially inherited and partially
developed through hygienic living; acquired immunity is developed after the body has overcome a
disease or through inoculations.
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| Why is hepatitis more easily contracted than HIV? | Because it is present in all body fluids
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| What is the name of the virus that causes AIDS? | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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| What is AIDS? | It is the onset of life-threatening illnesses that compromise the immune system as a result of HIV infection and disease.
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| What are some methods that can be used to destroy bacteria | Disinfectants, intense heat (boiling, steaming, baking, or burning), and ultraviolet-rays
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| Identify the type of bacteria that causes MRSA. | Staphylococcus aureus
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| Why might a MRSA infection be difficult to cure? | Because it is is resistant to antibiotics such as methicillin, oxacillin, amoxicillin, and penicillin.
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| How might bloodborne pathogens be transmitted during barbering services? | Through contaminated tools or implements that have come into contact with infected blood or body fluids, and through blood-to-blood contact.
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| Name two types of parasites and the conditions they cause. | Plant parasites or fungi produce contagious skin diseases such as ringworm or favus. Animal parasites cause contagious infestations like scabies (itch mite) and pediculosis (lice).
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| What is a contagious or communicable disease? | A disease that can be spread from one person to another by contact.
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