Chapter 5 Vocabulary
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| Allele | An alternate form that a gene may have for a single trait; can be dominant or recessive
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| Genotype | The genetic make up of an organism
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| Phenotype | Outward physical appearance and behavior of an organism as a result of its genotype
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| Punnett square | A tool to predict the probability of certain traits in offspring that shows the different ways alleles can combine
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| Polygenic Inheritance | Occurs when a group of gene pairs acts together and produces a specific trait, such as human eye color, skin color, or height
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| Chromosome | Structure in a cell's nucleus that contains hereditary material
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| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material of all organisms; made up of two twisted strands of sugar-phosphate molecules and nitrogen bases
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| Dominant | Describes a trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait
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| Fertilization | In sexual reproduction, the joining of a sperm and egg
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| Gene | Section of DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for making specific proteins
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| Genetic engineering | Biological and chemical methods to change the arrangement of a gene's DNA to improve crop production, produce large volumes of medicine, and change how cells perform their normal functions
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| Genetics | The study of how traits are inherited through the actions of alleles
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| Haploid | Cell that has half the number of chromosomes as body cells
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| Diploid | Cell whose similar chromosomes occur in pairs
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| Heredity | The passing of traits from parents to offspring
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| Heterozygous | Describes an organism with two different alleles for a trait
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| Homozygous | Describes an organism with two alleles that are the same for a trait
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| Hybrid | An offspring that was given different genetic information for a trait from each parent
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| Incomplete dominance | Production of a phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygous parents
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| Mutation | Any permanent change in a gene or chromosome of a cell; may be beneficial, harmful, or have little effect on an organism
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| Recessive | Describes a trait that is covered over, or dominated, by another form of that trait and seems to disappear
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| Sex-linked gene | An allele inherited on a sex chromosome and that can cause human genetic disorders such as color blindness and hemophilia
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| Variation | Inherited trait that makes an individual different from other members of the same species and results from a mutation in the organism's genes
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Mrs. Rugari
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