18th Century Enlightenment and the expansion of Europe
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| Key Term- open-field system. | show 🗑
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| show | The fencing off of open fields to enable large landowners to employ crop rotation.
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| What factors helped eliminate the plauge? | show 🗑
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| show | The smallpox vaccine.
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| Key Term- Mercantilism | show 🗑
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| What was the Seven Years' War? | show 🗑
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| What was the result of the Seven Years' War? | show 🗑
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| According to Adam Smith, what would foster economic growth? | show 🗑
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| show | Francis Bacon
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| show | Writing Discourse on Method. Cartesian dualism. "Cogito ergo sum"--I think therefore I am.
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| show | The division of all existance into the spiritual and the material.
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| Which astronomer proved the elliptical orbit path? | show 🗑
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| What did Galileo become famous for? | show 🗑
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| Which religion supported the new heliocentric view and why? Which religion did not? | show 🗑
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| Which scientist disvoered the natural laws of motion? (Gravity?) | show 🗑
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| show | Saw God as a cosmic clockmaker who created the perfect universe and therefore does not have to intervene in it.
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| show | The conviction that the laws of nature are fathomable by human reason and that humanity is perfectable.
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| What advances were made in mathematics and medicine during the scientific revolution? | show 🗑
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| show | The French Academy of Sciences and the Royal Society of London.
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| show | A group of literary figures that argued that once the natural laws that governed nature and human existence were discovered, society coild be organized in accordance with them.
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| Who wrote the Two Treatsies on Civil Government? | show 🗑
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| show | The agreement between a fair government and responsible individuals.
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| show | The consent of the governed. The social contract. The right of revolution.
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| show | When the government oversteps its boundaries of protecting the life, liberty and property of the citizens.
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| Who was famous for the phrase "Ecrasez l'infame"? | show 🗑
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| What did Voltaire preach? | show 🗑
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| show | Romantic movement.
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| What ideas is Rousseau famous for? | show 🗑
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| To Rousseau what is the goal of the individual? The group? | show 🗑
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| What ideas did Rousseau advocate in his Emile? | show 🗑
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| show | He wrote the Spirit of the Laws. It argued that the powers of the government must be separated to avoid despotism. The system would work due to its checks and balances. Much like our systems today.
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| What did Diderot write? | show 🗑
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| show | He was the leader of the physiocrats. Their motto was the laissez-faire. Believed that governments should remove restraints to free trade.
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| show | He refined and expaned the laissez-faire philosophy. His book defined capitalism. Economy governed by natural lawa- supply and demand,competition.
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| show | A ruler that aimed for the advancement of socviety by fostering education, aiding the economy, and promoting social justice.
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| What family ruled Prussia for the 18th century? | show 🗑
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| show | Their army.
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| What did Frederick the Great do? | show 🗑
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| Who were the aristocratic landowners in Russia? | show 🗑
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| show | A condition of being bound to the land that had ended in virtually all of Western Europe.
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| What achievements were attributed to Peter the Great? (He was a Romanov btw) | show 🗑
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| show | Revolts from the Cossacks (Pugachev Rebellion) gained ground with the peasants.
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| What territories did Catherine the Great take over? | show 🗑
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| show | Guaranteeding freedom of press and religion, reforming judicial system for greater class equality, German is made official language. Abolish serfdom!! He's in Austria.
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| What did Maria Theresa do for Austria? | show 🗑
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